Radial glial cell

Radial glial cell
Radial glial cell
	G-CSF receptor expression clearly delineates cells of radial glia in the embryonic murine brain. From Kirsch et al., 2008.
Details
Identifiers
Latin	gliocytus radialis
TH	H3.11.08.3.01098
	Anatomical terms of microanatomy

Radial glial cells, or radial glial progenitor cells (RGPs), are bipolar-shaped progenitor cells that are responsible for producing all of the neurons in the cerebral cortex. RGPs also produce certain lineages of glia, including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.^[2]^[3]^[4] Their cell bodies (somata) reside in the embryonic ventricular zone, which lies next to the developing ventricular system.

During development, newborn neurons use radial glia as scaffolds, traveling along the radial glial fibers in order to reach their final destinations.^[3]^[5]^[6] Despite the various possible fates of the radial glial population, it has been demonstrated through clonal analysis that most radial glia have restricted, unipotent or multipotent, fates. Radial glia can be found during the neurogenic phase in all vertebrates (studied to date).^[7]

The term "radial glia" refers to the morphological characteristics of these cells that were first observed: namely, their radial processes and their similarity to astrocytes, another member of the glial cell family.^[8]

^ Kirsch F, Krüger C, Schneider A (March 2008). "The receptor for granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is expressed in radial glia during development of the nervous system". BMC Developmental Biology. 8: 32. doi:10.1186/1471-213X-8-32. PMC 2329616. PMID 18371196.
^ Beattie, R; Hippenmeyer, S (December 2017). "Mechanisms of radial glia progenitor cell lineage progression". FEBS Letters. 591 (24): 3993–4008. doi:10.1002/1873-3468.12906. PMC 5765500. PMID 29121403.
^ ^a ^b Rakic P (October 2009). "Evolution of the neocortex: a perspective from developmental biology". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 10 (10): 724–35. doi:10.1038/nrn2719. PMC 2913577. PMID 19763105.
^ Noctor SC, Flint AC, Weissman TA, Dammerman RS, Kriegstein AR (February 2001). "Neurons derived from radial glial cells establish radial units in neocortex". Nature. 409 (6821): 714–20. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..714N. doi:10.1038/35055553. PMID 11217860. S2CID 3041502.
^ Rakic P (May 1972). "Mode of cell migration to the superficial layers of fetal monkey neocortex". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 145 (1): 61–83. doi:10.1002/cne.901450105. PMID 4624784. S2CID 41001390.
^ Shohayeb B, et al. (October 2021). "Conservation of neural progenitor identity and the emergence of neocortical neuronal diversity". Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology. 118 (118): 4–13. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.024. PMID 34083116. S2CID 235336596.
^ Malatesta P, Appolloni I, Calzolari F (January 2008). "Radial glia and neural stem cells". Cell and Tissue Research. 331 (1): 165–78. doi:10.1007/s00441-007-0481-8. PMID 17846796. S2CID 1903664.
^ Barry DS, Pakan JM, McDermott KW (January 2014). "Radial glial cells: key organisers in CNS development". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 46: 76–9. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.11.013. hdl:2262/68379. PMID 24269781.

[pmid18371196-1] Kirsch F, Krüger C, Schneider A (March 2008). "The receptor for granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is expressed in radial glia during development of the nervous system". BMC Developmental Biology. 8: 32. doi:10.1186/1471-213X-8-32. PMC 2329616. PMID 18371196.

[Beattie-2] Beattie, R; Hippenmeyer, S (December 2017). "Mechanisms of radial glia progenitor cell lineage progression". FEBS Letters. 591 (24): 3993–4008. doi:10.1002/1873-3468.12906. PMC 5765500. PMID 29121403.

[ReferenceA-3] Rakic P (October 2009). "Evolution of the neocortex: a perspective from developmental biology". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 10 (10): 724–35. doi:10.1038/nrn2719. PMC 2913577. PMID 19763105.

[4] Noctor SC, Flint AC, Weissman TA, Dammerman RS, Kriegstein AR (February 2001). "Neurons derived from radial glial cells establish radial units in neocortex". Nature. 409 (6821): 714–20. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..714N. doi:10.1038/35055553. PMID 11217860. S2CID 3041502.

[5] Rakic P (May 1972). "Mode of cell migration to the superficial layers of fetal monkey neocortex". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 145 (1): 61–83. doi:10.1002/cne.901450105. PMID 4624784. S2CID 41001390.

[6] Shohayeb B, et al. (October 2021). "Conservation of neural progenitor identity and the emergence of neocortical neuronal diversity". Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology. 118 (118): 4–13. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.024. PMID 34083116. S2CID 235336596.

[Malatesta-7] Malatesta P, Appolloni I, Calzolari F (January 2008). "Radial glia and neural stem cells". Cell and Tissue Research. 331 (1): 165–78. doi:10.1007/s00441-007-0481-8. PMID 17846796. S2CID 1903664.

[Barry-8] Barry DS, Pakan JM, McDermott KW (January 2014). "Radial glial cells: key organisers in CNS development". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 46: 76–9. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.11.013. hdl:2262/68379. PMID 24269781.

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