Reference ranges for blood tests

Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the area of pathology that is generally concerned with analysis of bodily fluids.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Blood test results should always be interpreted using the reference range provided by the laboratory that performed the test.^[4]

^ Miri-Dashe, Timzing; Osawe, Sophia; Tokdung, Monday; Daniel, Nenbammun; Choji, Rahila Pam; Mamman, Ille; Deme, Kurt; Damulak, Dapus; Abimiku, Alash'le (2014). "Comprehensive reference ranges for hematology and clinical chemistry laboratory parameters derived from normal Nigerian adults". PLOS ONE. 9 (5): e93919. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...993919M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093919. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4022493. PMID 24832127.
^ Lo, Y. C.; Armbruster, David A. (April 2012). "Reference Intervals of Common Clinical Chemistry Analytes for Adults in Hong Kong". EJIFCC. 23 (1): 5–10. ISSN 1650-3414. PMC 4975210. PMID 27683403.
^ DomBourian, Melkon G.; Helander, Louise; Annen, Kyle; Campbell, Alice (2025). "Chemistry & Hematology Reference Intervals". Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics. McGraw Hill.
^ "Reference Ranges and What They Mean". Lab Tests Online (USA). Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.

[1] Miri-Dashe, Timzing; Osawe, Sophia; Tokdung, Monday; Daniel, Nenbammun; Choji, Rahila Pam; Mamman, Ille; Deme, Kurt; Damulak, Dapus; Abimiku, Alash'le (2014). "Comprehensive reference ranges for hematology and clinical chemistry laboratory parameters derived from normal Nigerian adults". PLOS ONE. 9 (5): e93919. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...993919M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093919. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4022493. PMID 24832127.

[2] Lo, Y. C.; Armbruster, David A. (April 2012). "Reference Intervals of Common Clinical Chemistry Analytes for Adults in Hong Kong". EJIFCC. 23 (1): 5–10. ISSN 1650-3414. PMC 4975210. PMID 27683403.

[3] DomBourian, Melkon G.; Helander, Louise; Annen, Kyle; Campbell, Alice (2025). "Chemistry & Hematology Reference Intervals". Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics. McGraw Hill.

[4] "Reference Ranges and What They Mean". Lab Tests Online (USA). Archived from the original on 28 August 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.

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