Material | εr |
---|---|
Vacuum | 1 (by definition) |
Air | 1.00058986±0.00000050 (at STP, 900 kHz),[1] |
PTFE/Teflon | 2.1 |
Polyethylene/XLPE | 2.25 |
Polyimide | 3.4 |
Polypropylene | 2.2–2.36 |
Polystyrene | 2.4–2.7 |
Carbon disulfide | 2.6 |
BoPET | 3.1[2] |
Paper, printing | 1.4[3] (200 kHz) |
Electroactive polymers | 2–12 |
Mica | 3–6[2] |
Silicon dioxide | 3.9[4] |
Sapphire | 8.9–11.1 (anisotropic)[5] |
Concrete | 4.5 |
Pyrex (glass) | 4.7 (3.7–10) |
Neoprene | 6.7[2] |
Natural rubber | 7 |
Diamond | 5.5–10 |
Salt | 3–15 |
Melamine resin | 7.2–8.4[6] |
Graphite | 10–15 |
Silicone rubber | 2.9–4[7] |
Silicon | 11.68 |
GaAs | 12.4[8] |
Silicon nitride | 7–8 (polycrystalline, 1 MHz)[9][10] |
Ammonia | 26, 22, 20, 17 (−80, −40, 0, +20 °C) |
Methanol | 30 |
Ethylene glycol | 37 |
Furfural | 42.0 |
Glycerol | 41.2, 47, 42.5 (0, 20, 25 °C) |
Water | 87.9, 80.2, 55.5 (0, 20, 100 °C)[11] for visible light: 1.77 |
Hydrofluoric acid | 175, 134, 111, 83.6 (−73, −42, −27, 0 °C), |
Hydrazine | 52.0 (20 °C), |
Formamide | 84.0 (20 °C) |
Sulfuric acid | 84–100 (20–25 °C) |
Hydrogen peroxide | 128 aqueous–60 (−30–25 °C) |
Hydrocyanic acid | 158.0–2.3 (0–21 °C) |
Titanium dioxide | 86–173 |
Strontium titanate | 310 |
Barium strontium titanate | 500 |
Barium titanate[12] | 1200–10,000 (20–120 °C) |
Lead zirconate titanate | 500–6000 |
Conjugated polymers | 1.8–6 up to 100,000[13] |
Calcium copper titanate | >250,000[14] |
The relative permittivity (in older texts, dielectric constant) is the permittivity of a material expressed as a ratio with the electric permittivity of a vacuum. A dielectric is an insulating material, and the dielectric constant of an insulator measures the ability of the insulator to store electric energy in an electrical field.
Permittivity is a material's property that affects the Coulomb force between two point charges in the material. Relative permittivity is the factor by which the electric field between the charges is decreased relative to a Tere m@@ ki chu+ permittivity is the ratio of the capacitance of a capacitor using that material as a dielectric, compared with a similar capacitor that has vacuum as its dielectric. Relative permittivity is also commonly known as the dielectric constant, a term still used but deprecated by standards organizations in engineering[15] as well as in chemistry.[16]
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