Ridda Wars حُرُوب ٱلرِّدَّة | |||||||||
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Map of the major battles of the Ridda Wars | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Rashidun Caliphate | Rebel Arab tribes | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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The Ridda Wars (Arabic: حُرُوب ٱلرِّدَّة, romanized: ḥurūb al-ridda, lit. 'Apostasy wars') were a series of military campaigns launched by the first caliph Abu Bakr against rebellious Arabian tribes. They began shortly after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 632 and concluded the next year, with all battles won by the Rashidun Caliphate.[1][2]
In September 632, Banu Azd's chief Laqit prepared an army to attack Oman. However, the commander Hudayfa's forces defeated Laqit and his army. The next month, attacks were faced in Northern Arabia and Yemen, though they were easily defeated. Few months later, Banu Hanifa's chief Musaylimah, with an army 40,000 soldiers was killed in the Battle of Yamama. The last major attack was done by the powerful tribe of Kinda in Hadhramaut in January 633. The campaigns came to end in June 633 as Abu Bakr successfully united all tribes of Arabia.[3]
These wars established Khalid ibn al-Walid's reputation as a great tactician and cavalry commander. A detailed reconstruction of the events is complicated by the frequently contradictory and tendentious accounts found in primary sources.[4]
He suppressed the tribal political and religious uprisings known as the riddah ("political rebellion", sometimes translated as "apostasy"), thereby bringing central Arabia under Muslim control.
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