†Rinderpest morbillivirus | |
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Virus classification ![]() | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
Class: | Monjiviricetes |
Order: | Mononegavirales |
Family: | Paramyxoviridae |
Genus: | Morbillivirus |
Species: | †Rinderpest morbillivirus
|
Synonyms[1] | |
Rinderpest virus |
Rinderpest (also cattle plague or steppe murrain) was an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and many other species of even-toed ungulates, including gaurs, buffaloes, large antelope, deer, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs.[2] The disease was characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naïve populations.[3] Rinderpest was mainly transmitted by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air.[4]
Rinderpest is believed to have originated in Asia, and to have spread by transport of cattle.[5][6][7] The term Rinderpest (German: [ˈʁɪndɐˌpɛst] ) is a German word meaning "cattle plague".[2][7] The rinderpest virus (RPV) is closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses.[8] The measles virus may have emerged from rinderpest as a zoonotic disease around 600 BC, a period that coincides with the rise of large human settlements.[9][10] After a global eradication campaign that began in the mid-20th century, the last confirmed case of rinderpest was diagnosed in 2001.[11] In 2010, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced that field activities in the decades-long, worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease were ending, paving the way for a formal declaration in June 2011 of the global eradication of rinderpest. This makes it only the second disease in history to be fully wiped out, following smallpox.[12][13]
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