Rough Wooing

Rough Wooing
Part of the Italian War of 1542–1546 and the Anglo-Scottish Wars
Anglo-Scottish border at the time of the Rough Wooing
Date 24 November 1542 – March 1551 Location Britain Result Franco-Scottish victory Treaty of Norham
Belligerents
Scotland France	England
Commanders and leaders
Mary of Guise Earl of Arran Adam Otterburn	Henry VIII Lord Hertford, later Duke of Somerset Earl of Shrewsbury Viscount Lisle, Lord Admiral

The Rough Wooing (Scottish Gaelic: An t-Suirghe Chnaparra;^[1][2] December 1543 – March 1551), also known as the Eight Years' War, was part of the Anglo-Scottish Wars of the 16th century. Following its break with the Catholic Church, England attacked Scotland, partly to break the Auld Alliance and prevent Scotland being used as a springboard for future invasion by France, partly to weaken Scotland, and partly to force the Scottish Parliament to confirm the existing marriage alliance between Mary, Queen of Scots (born 8 December 1542), and the English heir apparent Edward (born 12 October 1537), son of King Henry VIII, under the terms of the Treaty of Greenwich of July 1543. An invasion of France was also contemplated.

Henry declared war in an attempt to force the Scottish Parliament to agree to the planned marriage between Edward, who was six years old at the start of the war, and the infant queen, thereby creating a new alliance between Scotland and England. Upon Edward's accession to the throne in 1547 at the age of nine, the war continued for a time under the direction of the Duke of Somerset, before Somerset's removal from power in 1549 and replacement by the Duke of Northumberland, who wished for a less costly foreign policy than his predecessor. It was the last major conflict between Scotland and England before the Union of the Crowns in 1603.