Rumination (psychology)

Rumination is the focused attention on the symptoms of one's mental distress, and on its possible causes and consequences, as opposed to its solutions, according to the Response Styles Theory proposed by Nolen-Hoeksema in 1998.^[1]^[2]

Because the Response Styles Theory has been empirically supported, this model of rumination is the most widely used conceptualization. Other theories, however, have proposed different definitions for rumination. For example, in the Goal Progress Theory, rumination is conceptualized not as a reaction to a mood state, but as a "response to failure to progress satisfactorily towards a goal".^[3] As such, both rumination and worry are associated with anxiety and other negative emotional states; however, its measures have not been unified.^[4] Multiple tools exist to measure ruminative thoughts. Treatments specifically addressing ruminative thought patterns are still in the early stages of development.^[5]

^ Nolen-Hoeksema S, Wisco BE, Lyubomirsky S (September 2008). "Rethinking Rumination". Perspectives on Psychological Science. 3 (5): 400–424. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x. PMID 26158958. S2CID 6415609.
^ Nolan SA, Roberts JE, Gotlib IH (1998). "Neuroticism and ruminative response style as predictors of change in depressive symptomatology" (PDF). Cognitive Therapy and Research. 22 (5): 445–455. doi:10.1023/A:1018769531641. S2CID 15419457.
^ Cite error: The named reference Watkins_2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Smith_2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[rethinking-1] Nolen-Hoeksema S, Wisco BE, Lyubomirsky S (September 2008). "Rethinking Rumination". Perspectives on Psychological Science. 3 (5): 400–424. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x. PMID 26158958. S2CID 6415609.

[2] Nolan SA, Roberts JE, Gotlib IH (1998). "Neuroticism and ruminative response style as predictors of change in depressive symptomatology" (PDF). Cognitive Therapy and Research. 22 (5): 445–455. doi:10.1023/A:1018769531641. S2CID 15419457.

[Watkins_2008-3] Cite error: The named reference Watkins_2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Smith_2009-4] Cite error: The named reference Smith_2009 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[:2-5] Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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