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Russian ruble

This article is about the currency of Russia. For other currencies named ruble in the past or present, see Ruble (disambiguation).

Ruble
Рубль[a] (Russian)
руб, р, Rub[1]
Obverse of 100₽ banknote (2022)ruble coins
ISO 4217
CodeRUB (numeric: 643)
RUR (1992–1997)
Subunit0.01
Unit
Unitruble
PluralThe language(s) of this currency belong(s) to the Slavic languages. There is more than one way to construct plural forms.
Symbol₽‎
Denominations
Subunit
 1⁄100kopeyka (копейка)[b], коп. or к
Banknotes5 ₽, 10 ₽, 50 ₽, 100 ₽, 200 ₽, 500 ₽, 1,000 ₽, 2,000 ₽, 5,000 ₽
Coins
 Freq. used1 ₽, 2 ₽, 5 ₽, 10 ₽
 Rarely used1 коп., 5 коп., 10 коп., 50 коп., 25 ₽
Demographics
Date of introductionc. 1300 (1300)[c]
ReplacedSoviet ruble (SUR) (1922–1992)
User(s) Russian Federation (1992–)
2 unrecognised states
Multiple historical users[11][12][13]
Issuance
Central bankCentral Bank of Russia
 Websitewww.cbr.ru
PrinterGoznak
 Websitewww.goznak.ru
MintMoscow Mint and Saint Petersburg Mint
 Websitemmd.goznak.ru, spmd.goznak.ru
Valuation
Inflation9.5% (December 2024)
 SourceCentral Bank of Russia
 MethodCPI

The ruble or rouble[d] (Russian: рубль, romanized: rublʹ; symbol: ₽; ISO code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation. Banknotes and coins are issued by the Central Bank of Russia, which is Russia's monetary authority independent of all other government bodies.[14]

The ruble is the second-oldest currency in continuous use and the first decimal currency.[15][16] The ruble was the currency of the Russian Empire, which was replaced by the Soviet ruble (code: SUR) during the Soviet period. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, by 1992, the Soviet ruble was replaced in the Russian Federation by the Russian ruble (code: RUR) at par. The Russian ruble then further continued to be used in 11 post-Soviet states, forming a "ruble zone" until 1993.[11][12][13] The ruble was further redenominated with the new code "RUB" just preceding the 1998 Russian financial crisis, and was exchanged at the rate of 1,000 RUR = 1 RUB.[17]

As of April 2019, the ruble was the 17th-most traded currency in the world;[18] however, due to international sanctions, the ruble dropped to being the 34th-most traded currency in the world as of April 2022.[19] The ruble is subdivided into 100 kopecks which have fallen out of use due to inflation. In 2023, the digital ruble was introduced.


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  1. ^ "World Bank Editorial Style Guide 2020" (PDF). World Bank. p. 138. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference ISO61 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference ISO69 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference ISO64 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference ISO78 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference ISO77 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference ISO71 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference ISO72 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference ISO76 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference ISO84 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b John Odling-Smee, Gonzalo Pastor. The IMF and the Ruble Area, 1991—1993 // IMF Working Paper, 2001 Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ a b ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 50 - 1992-12-10 (PDF)
  13. ^ a b "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 54 - 1993-03-08" (PDF).
  14. ^ Article 75 - Constitution of the Russian Federation (English translation)
  15. ^ Erdmann 2021, p. 83.
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference bbc-news was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ "ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 97 - 1997-12-19" (PDF).
  18. ^ "Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2019" (PDF). Bank for International Settlements. 16 September 2019. p. 10. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  19. ^ Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2022 (PDF) (Report). Bank for International Settlements. 27 October 2022. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2022.

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