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Salbutamol

Salbutamol
Salbutamol (top),
(R)-(−)-salbutamol (center) and
(S)-(+)-salbutamol (bottom)
Clinical data
Trade namesVentolin, Proventil, ProAir, others[1]
Other namesAlbuterol (USAN US)
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa607004
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth, Inhalational, Intravenous
Drug classBeta2-adrenergic agonist
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismLiver
Onset of action<15 min (inhaled), <30 min (pill)[8]
Elimination half-life3.8–6 hrs (inhaled); 5–7.2 hrs (pill)[8]
Duration of action3–6 hrs (inhaled); up to 8 hrs (pill)[8]
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • (RS)-4-[2-(tert-Butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
PubChem SID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard100.038.552 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC13H21NO3
Molar mass239.315 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
  • CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O
  • InChI=1S/C13H21NO3/c1-13(2,3)14-7-12(17)9-4-5-11(16)10(6-9)8-15/h4-6,12,14-17H,7-8H2,1-3H3 checkY
  • Key:NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and sold under the brand name Ventolin among others,[1] is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs.[8] It is a short-acting β2 adrenergic receptor agonist that causes relaxation of airway smooth muscle.[8] It is used to treat asthma, including asthma attacks and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[8] It may also be used to treat high blood potassium levels.[9] Salbutamol is usually used with an inhaler or nebulizer, but it is also available in a pill, liquid, and intravenous solution.[8][10] Onset of action of the inhaled version is typically within 15 minutes and lasts for two to six hours.[8]

Common side effects include shakiness, headache, fast heart rate, dizziness, and feeling anxious.[8] Serious side effects may include worsening bronchospasm, irregular heartbeat, and low blood potassium levels.[8] It can be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but safety is not entirely clear.[8][11]

Salbutamol was patented in 1966 in Britain and became commercially available in the UK in 1969.[12][13] It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982.[8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[14] Salbutamol is available as a generic medication.[8] In 2021, it was the seventh most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 61 million prescriptions.[15][16]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference brands was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Thereaputic Goods Administration (19 December 2018). "Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database". Australian Government.
  3. ^ "Albuterol Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  4. ^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  5. ^ Thereaputic Goods Administration. "Poisons Standard October 2017". Australian Government.
  6. ^ "Prescription Drug List". Government of Canada. 23 October 2014.
  7. ^ "Respiratory health". Health Canada. 9 May 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Albuterol". Drugs.com. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  9. ^ Mahoney BA, Smith WA, Lo DS, Tsoi K, Tonelli M, Clase CM (April 2005). "Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005 (2): CD003235. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003235.pub2. PMC 6457842. PMID 15846652.
  10. ^ Starkey ES, Mulla H, Sammons HM, Pandya HC (September 2014). "Intravenous salbutamol for childhood asthma: evidence-based medicine?" (PDF). Archives of Disease in Childhood. 99 (9): 873–7. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-304467. PMID 24938536. S2CID 2070868. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 September 2017.
  11. ^ Yaffe SJ (2011). Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk (9th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 32. ISBN 9781608317080. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015.
  12. ^ Landau R (1999). Pharmaceutical innovation: revolutionizing human health. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Press. p. 226. ISBN 9780941901215. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015.
  13. ^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 542. ISBN 9783527607495.
  14. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  15. ^ "The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Albuterol - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

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