Back الأممية الثانية Arabic Segunda Internacional AST Рабочы інтэрнацыянал Byelorussian Втори интернационал Bulgarian Segona Internacional Catalan Druhá internacionála Czech Anden Internationale Danish Zweite Internationale German İnternasyonalo dıyın DIQ Dua Internacio Esperanto
Second International | |
|---|---|
| Founded | 14 July 1889 |
| Dissolved | 1916 |
| Preceded by | International Workingmen's Association (not legal predecessor) |
| Succeeded by | Communist International International Working Union of Socialist Parties Berne International |
| Ideology | Marxism Social democracy Parliamentarianism[1] Anti-colonialism (1896–1907) Antimilitarism (1889–1914) Faction: Anarchism (1889–1896)[2] |
| Political position | Left-wing Factions: Far-left[3] |
| Colours | Red |
| Part of a series on |
| Socialism |
|---|
 |
The Second International, also called the Socialist International, was a political international of socialist and labour parties and trade unions which existed from 1889 to 1916. It included representatives from most of Europe's major working-class organizations, though it was dominated by the Social Democratic Party of Germany. The organization continued the work of the First International, which had been dissolved in 1876, and was ideologically dominated by Marxism, although other viewpoints were represented, most notably anarchism until anarchists were expelled in 1896[4]. Its key thinkers included Friedrich Engels, Karl Kautsky, and Georgi Plekhanov, with the ideas of Vladimir Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg also being influential.
The Second International was primarily concerned with developing and coordinating strategy and tactics, and with establishing common policies for its member parties. Congress meetings were held every two to four years, and an International Socialist Bureau administered and coordinated its affairs. On the issue of socialist cooperation with bourgeois governments, the international deemed it permissible as a temporary expedient. The question of reform or revolution to achieve socialism resolved against revisionist thinker Eduard Bernstein, who argued for a gradualist and electoralist strategy. On colonialism, the international deemed that it was never a progressive force. The international's position on war was to prevent it, and if it broke out to exploit it to bring about the collapse of capitalism. However, the outbreak of World War I in 1914 saw the international split into pro-Allied, pro-Central Powers, and antimilitarist factions and cease to function by 1916. After the war, the remaining factions of the international went on to found the Communist International, International Working Union of Socialist Parties, and Labour and Socialist International.[5]
© MMXXIII Rich X Search. We shall prevail. All rights reserved. Rich X Search