Secretin

SCT
Identifiers
Aliases	SCT, entrez:6343, secretin
External IDs	OMIM: 182099; MGI: 99466; HomoloGene: 137358; GeneCards: SCT; OMA:SCT - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (human)
End	627,181 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	140,859,046 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	duodenum; ; granulocyte; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; muscle of thigh; ; gonad; ; sural nerve; ; monocyte; ; skeletal muscle tissue; ; spleen;
	Top expressed in
	Ileal epithelium; ; perirhinal cortex; ; entorhinal cortex; ; choroid plexus of fourth ventricle; ; CA3 field; ; migratory enteric neural crest cell; ; decidua; ; duodenum; ; gastrula; ; jejunum;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	hormone activity; G protein-coupled receptor binding; signaling receptor binding; protein N-terminus binding; digestive hormone activity;
Cellular component	extracellular region; extracellular space; cellular component;
Biological process	brain development; negative regulation of gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion; pancreatic juice secretion; embryonic digestive tract development; positive regulation of somatostatin secretion; positive regulation of pancreatic juice secretion; regulation of signaling receptor activity; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling; diet induced thermogenesis; cellular water homeostasis; hippocampus development; response to nutrient levels; regulation of appetite; regulation of synaptic plasticity; positive regulation of lipid catabolic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	6343
	20287
	ENSG00000070031; ENSG00000274473
	ENSMUSG00000038580
	P09683
	Q08535
	NM_021920
	NM_011328; NM_001287171; NM_001309439
	NP_068739
	NP_001274100; NP_001296368; NP_035458
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Secretin is a hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions in the stomach, pancreas, and liver. It is a peptide hormone produced in the S cells of the duodenum, which are located in the intestinal glands.^[5] In humans, the secretin peptide is encoded by the SCT gene.^[6]

Secretin helps regulate the pH of the duodenum by inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid from the parietal cells of the stomach and stimulating the production of bicarbonate from the ductal cells of the pancreas.^[7]^[8] It also stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate and water by cholangiocytes in the bile duct, protecting it from bile acids by controlling the pH and promoting the flow in the duct.^[9] Meanwhile, in concert with secretin's actions, the other main hormone simultaneously issued by the duodenum, cholecystokinin (CCK), stimulates the gallbladder to contract, delivering its stored bile.

Prosecretin is a precursor to secretin, which is present in digestion. Secretin is stored in this unusable form, and is activated by gastric acid. This indirectly results in the neutralisation of duodenal pH, thus ensuring no damage is done to the small intestine by the aforementioned acid.^[10]

In 2007, secretin was discovered to play a role in osmoregulation by acting on the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and kidney.^[11]^[12]

^ ^a ^b ^c ENSG00000274473 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000070031, ENSG00000274473 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038580 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Häcki WH (September 1980). "Secretin". Clinics in Gastroenterology. 9 (3): 609–632. doi:10.1016/S0300-5089(21)00474-0. PMID 7000396.
^ Kopin AS, Wheeler MB, Leiter AB (March 1990). "Secretin: structure of the precursor and tissue distribution of the mRNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (6): 2299–2303. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.2299K. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.6.2299. JSTOR 2354038. PMC 53674. PMID 2315322.
^ Whitmore TE, Holloway JL, Lofton-Day CE, Maurer MF, Chen L, Quinton TJ, et al. (2000). "Human secretin (SCT): gene structure, chromosome location, and distribution of mRNA". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 90 (1–2): 47–52. doi:10.1159/000015658. PMID 11060443. S2CID 12850155.
^ Costanzo, Linda S. (2006). Physiology (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 9781416023203. OCLC 62326921.
^ Banales JM, Huebert RC, Karlsen T, Strazzabosco M, LaRusso NF, Gores GJ (May 2019). "Cholangiocyte pathobiology". Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 16 (5): 269–281. doi:10.1038/s41575-019-0125-y. PMC 6563606. PMID 30850822.
^ Gafvelin G, Jörnvall H, Mutt V (September 1990). "Processing of prosecretin: isolation of a secretin precursor from porcine intestine". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (17): 6781–6785. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.6781G. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.17.6781. PMC 54621. PMID 2395872.
^ Chu JY, Chung SC, Lam AK, Tam S, Chung SK, Chow BK (April 2007). "Phenotypes developed in secretin receptor-null mice indicated a role for secretin in regulating renal water reabsorption". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 27 (7): 2499–2511. doi:10.1128/MCB.01088-06. PMC 1899889. PMID 17283064.
^ Chu JY, Lee LT, Lai CH, Vaudry H, Chan YS, Yung WH, Chow BK (September 2009). "Secretin as a neurohypophysial factor regulating body water homeostasis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (37): 15961–15966. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10615961C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903695106. JSTOR 40484830. PMC 2747226. PMID 19805236.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] ENSG00000274473 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000070031, ENSG00000274473 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038580 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid7000396-5] Häcki WH (September 1980). "Secretin". Clinics in Gastroenterology. 9 (3): 609–632. doi:10.1016/S0300-5089(21)00474-0. PMID 7000396.

[pmid2315322-6] Kopin AS, Wheeler MB, Leiter AB (March 1990). "Secretin: structure of the precursor and tissue distribution of the mRNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (6): 2299–2303. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.2299K. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.6.2299. JSTOR 2354038. PMC 53674. PMID 2315322.

[pmid11060443-7] Whitmore TE, Holloway JL, Lofton-Day CE, Maurer MF, Chen L, Quinton TJ, et al. (2000). "Human secretin (SCT): gene structure, chromosome location, and distribution of mRNA". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 90 (1–2): 47–52. doi:10.1159/000015658. PMID 11060443. S2CID 12850155.

[8] Costanzo, Linda S. (2006). Physiology (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 9781416023203. OCLC 62326921.

[Banales2019-9] Banales JM, Huebert RC, Karlsen T, Strazzabosco M, LaRusso NF, Gores GJ (May 2019). "Cholangiocyte pathobiology". Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 16 (5): 269–281. doi:10.1038/s41575-019-0125-y. PMC 6563606. PMID 30850822.

[10] Gafvelin G, Jörnvall H, Mutt V (September 1990). "Processing of prosecretin: isolation of a secretin precursor from porcine intestine". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 87 (17): 6781–6785. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.6781G. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.17.6781. PMC 54621. PMID 2395872.

[Chu07-11] Chu JY, Chung SC, Lam AK, Tam S, Chung SK, Chow BK (April 2007). "Phenotypes developed in secretin receptor-null mice indicated a role for secretin in regulating renal water reabsorption". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 27 (7): 2499–2511. doi:10.1128/MCB.01088-06. PMC 1899889. PMID 17283064.

[Chu-12] Chu JY, Lee LT, Lai CH, Vaudry H, Chan YS, Yung WH, Chow BK (September 2009). "Secretin as a neurohypophysial factor regulating body water homeostasis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (37): 15961–15966. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10615961C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903695106. JSTOR 40484830. PMC 2747226. PMID 19805236.

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