Shia Islamism

Shia Islamism is the usage of Shia Islam in politics. Most study and reporting on Islamism has been focused on Sunni Islamist movements.^{[note 1]} Shia Islamism, a previously very small ideology, was boosted after the Iranian Revolution led by Ruhollah Khomeini, whose Shia Islamist policies became known as Khomeinism.^[2]^[3]^{[note 2]}

Though a minority of the world Muslim community, Twelver Shias form the majority of the population in the countries of Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, Azerbaijan,^[4] half the Muslims in Lebanon, and substantial minorities in Afghanistan, India, Kuwait, Pakistan, Qatar, Syria, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.^[5]

Islamism in general has been defined as a religious revivalist movement for a return to the original texts and the inspiration of the original believers of Islam, but one which requires Islam to be a "political system".^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Valbjørn-POMEPS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p. 2
^ Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p. 168
^ Samadov, Bahruz (18 July 2022). "Will new Azerbaijani Islamist movement share the fate of its predecessors?". Eurasia Net. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
^ "Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism". BBC News. 4 January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
^ Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p. viii
^ "Islamism – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
^ Megoran, Nick (2009). "Theocracy". International encyclopedia of human geography. N. J. Thrift, Rob Kitchin. Amsterdam. ISBN 9780080449104. OCLC 496521377.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Tibi, Bassam (2007-03-01). "The Totalitarianism of Jihadist Islamism and its Challenge to Europe and to Islam". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 8 (1): 35–54. doi:10.1080/14690760601121630. ISSN 1469-0764.
^ Bale, Jeffrey M. (2009-06-01). "Islamism and Totalitarianism". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 10 (2): 73–96. doi:10.1080/14690760903371313. ISSN 1469-0764. S2CID 14540501.

Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

[Valbjørn-POMEPS-1] Cite error: The named reference Valbjørn-POMEPS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[ORFPI1994:2-3] Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p. 2

[ORFPI1994:168-4] Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p. 168

[Samadov-EAN-2022-6] Samadov, Bahruz (18 July 2022). "Will new Azerbaijani Islamist movement share the fate of its predecessors?". Eurasia Net. Retrieved 27 January 2023.

[BBC-7] "Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism". BBC News. 4 January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2023.

[ORFPI1994:viii-8] Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p. viii

[9] "Islamism – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2021-09-10.

[10] Megoran, Nick (2009). "Theocracy". International encyclopedia of human geography. N. J. Thrift, Rob Kitchin. Amsterdam. ISBN 9780080449104. OCLC 496521377.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[11] Tibi, Bassam (2007-03-01). "The Totalitarianism of Jihadist Islamism and its Challenge to Europe and to Islam". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 8 (1): 35–54. doi:10.1080/14690760601121630. ISSN 1469-0764.

[12] Bale, Jeffrey M. (2009-06-01). "Islamism and Totalitarianism". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 10 (2): 73–96. doi:10.1080/14690760903371313. ISSN 1469-0764. S2CID 14540501.

[note 1]

[2]

[3]

[note 2]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]