Shirk (Islam)

Shirk (Arabic: شِرْك, lit. 'association') in Islam is a sin often roughly translated as 'idolatry' or 'polytheism', but more accurately meaning 'association [with God]'.^[1]^[2]^[a] It refers to accepting other divinities or powers alongside God as associates.^[4]^[5] In contrast, Islam teaches God does not share divine attributes with anyone, as it is disallowed according to the Islamic doctrine of tawhid.^[6]^[7] The Quran, the central religious text of Islam, states in 4:48 that God will not forgive shirk if one dies without repenting of it.^[8]^[7]^[9]

The one who commits shirk is called a mushrik.^[b] The opposite of shirk is tawhid^[c] and the opposite of mushrik is muwahhid.^[d]

^ Nonbelief: An Islamic Perspective
^ "Surah Luqman Verse 13 | 31:13 لقمان - Quran O". qurano.com. Retrieved 2021-05-03.
^ Sinai, Nicolai. "Key terms of the Qur'an: a critical dictionary." (2023): 1-840.
^ Gimaret, D. (2012). "S̲h̲irk". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6965.
^ Glassé, Cyril; Smith, Huston (2003-01-01). "shirk". The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Rowman Altamira. p. 429. ISBN 9780759101906.
^ "Shirk". Encyclopædia Britannica.
^ ^a ^b Kamoonpuri, S: "Basic Beliefs of Islam" pages 42–58. Tanzania Printers Limited, 2001.
^ "Forgiveness for Shirk". The meaning of the verse is that whoever dies while a Mushrik (polytheist) Allah will not forgive him and he will surely be punished for this sin, i.e. he will remain in Hell-fire forever. As for the person who repents, Allah forgives his previous Shirk.
^ Cenap Çakmak. Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO 2017. ISBN 978-1-610-69217-5 p. 1450.

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

[1] Nonbelief: An Islamic Perspective

[2] "Surah Luqman Verse 13 | 31:13 لقمان - Quran O". qurano.com. Retrieved 2021-05-03.

[3] Sinai, Nicolai. "Key terms of the Qur'an: a critical dictionary." (2023): 1-840.

[EI2-shirk-5] Gimaret, D. (2012). "S̲h̲irk". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_6965.

[6] Glassé, Cyril; Smith, Huston (2003-01-01). "shirk". The New Encyclopedia of Islam. Rowman Altamira. p. 429. ISBN 9780759101906.

[7] "Shirk". Encyclopædia Britannica.

[Kamoonpuri-8] Kamoonpuri, S: "Basic Beliefs of Islam" pages 42–58. Tanzania Printers Limited, 2001.

[9] "Forgiveness for Shirk". The meaning of the verse is that whoever dies while a Mushrik (polytheist) Allah will not forgive him and he will surely be punished for this sin, i.e. he will remain in Hell-fire forever. As for the person who repents, Allah forgives his previous Shirk.

[10] Cenap Çakmak. Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO 2017. ISBN 978-1-610-69217-5 p. 1450.

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