Shirley Plantation

Shirley
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Virginia Landmarks Register
Main house of Shirley Plantation, July 2006
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Location	5 mi. N of Hopewell off VA 608, Hopewell, Virginia
Coordinates	37°20′31″N 77°15′39″W / 37.34194°N 77.26083°W / 37.34194; -77.26083
Built	circa 1723; 301 years ago (1723)
Architectural style	Georgian
NRHP reference No.	69000328 [1]
VLR No.	018-0022
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	October 1, 1969
Designated NHL	April 15, 1970[3]
Designated VLR	November 5, 1968[2]

Shirley Plantation is an estate on the north bank of the James River in Charles City County, Virginia. It is located on scenic byway State Route 5, between Richmond and Williamsburg. It is the oldest active plantation in Virginia, settled in 1613 and is also the oldest family-owned business in North America, when it was acquired by the Hill family, with operations starting in 1638. ^[4] White indentured servants were initially used as the main labor force until the early 1700s, when black slavery became the primary source of labor.^[5] It used about 70 to 90 African slaves at a time for plowing the fields, cleaning, childcare, and cooking. It was added to the National Register in 1969 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970. After the acquisition, rebranding, and merger of Tuttle Farm in Dover, New Hampshire, Shirley Plantation received the title of the oldest business continuously operating in the United States.