Back Sisilië Afrikaans Autonome Region Sizilien ALS ሲኪልያ Amharic Sicilia AN Sicilia ANG صقلية Arabic ܣܩܠܝܐ ARC صقلية ARY سيسيليا ARZ Sicilia AST
Sicily
Sicilia | |
|---|---|
| Regione Siciliana | |
| Anthem: Madreterra | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 37°30′N 14°00′E / 37.5°N 14°E | |
| Country |  Italy |
| Capital | Palermo |
| Government | |
| • Type | Regione of Italy |
| • Body | Sicilian Regional Assembly |
| • President | Renato Schifani (FI) |
| Area | |
• Total | 25,832.39 km2 (9,973.94 sq mi) |
| Population (2025)[2] (8.1% of Italy) | |
• Total | 4,779,371 |
| • Density | 190/km2 (480/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | English: Sicilian Italian: Siciliano (man) Italian: Siciliana (woman) |
| Citizenship | |
| • Italian | 98% |
| GDP | |
| • Total | €88.767 billion (2021) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IT-82 |
| HDI (2021) | 0.847[5] very high · 21st of 21 |
| NUTS Region | ITG |
| Website | www |
Sicily (Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia),[a] officially the Sicilian Region (Italian: Regione Siciliana), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy, situated south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe. With 4.7 million inhabitants, including 1.2 million in and around the capital city of Palermo, it is both the largest and most populous island in the Mediterranean Sea.
Sicily is named after the Sicels, who inhabited the eastern part of the island during the Iron Age. Sicily has a rich and unique culture in arts, music, literature, cuisine, and architecture. Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna, the tallest active volcano in Europe, and one of the most active in the world, currently 3,403 m (11,165 ft) high. The island has a typical Mediterranean climate. It is separated from Calabria by the Strait of Messina. It is one of the five Italian autonomous regions and is generally considered part of Southern Italy.
The earliest archaeological record of human activity on the island dates to around 14,000 BC. By around 750 BC, Sicily had three Phoenician and a dozen Greek colonies along its coasts, becoming one of the centers of Magna Graecia. The Sicilian Wars of 580–265 BC were fought between the Carthaginians and Greeks, and the Punic Wars of 264–146 BC were fought between Rome and Carthage. The Roman province of Sicilia ended with the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. Sicily was ruled during the Early Middle Ages by the Vandals, the Ostrogoths, the Byzantine Empire, and the Emirate of Sicily.
The Norman conquest of southern Italy led to the creation of the County of Sicily in 1071, which was succeeded by the Kingdom of Sicily in 1130.[6][7] In 1816, the kingdom unified with the Kingdom of Naples to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Following the Sicilian Vespers in 1282, Sicily was ruled by Aragon and then Spain, either in personal union with the crown or by a cadet branch, except for a brief period of Savoy and then Habsburg rule in 1713–1735. Following theExpedition of the Thousand, an invasion led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, and a subsequent plebiscite, the island became part of the newly unified Italy in 1860. Sicily was given special status as an autonomous administrative division on 15 May 1946, 18 days before the 1946 Italian institutional referendum.
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011" (in Italian). ISTAT.
- ^ "Monthly Demographic Balance". ISTAT.
- ^ "Region Sicilia".
- ^ "Population on 1 January by age, sex and NUTS 2 region". www.ec.europa.eu.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
- ^ Pasquale Hamel – L' invenzione del regno. Dalla conquista normanna alla fondazione del Regnum Siciliae (1061–1154)
- ^ "Sicilia nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 22 December 2020.
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