Simulated body fluid

A simulated body fluid (SBF) is a solution with an ion concentration close to that of human blood plasma, kept under mild conditions of pH and identical physiological temperature.^[1] SBF was first introduced by Kokubo et al. in order to evaluate the changes on a surface of a bioactive glass ceramic.^[2] Later, cell culture media (such as DMEM, MEM, α-MEM, etc.), in combination with some methodologies adopted in cell culture, were proposed as an alternative to conventional SBF in assessing the bioactivity of materials.^[3]