Republic of Slovenia Republika Slovenija (Slovene) | |
---|---|
Anthem: Zdravljica (English: "A Toast") | |
![]() Location of Slovenia (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) | |
Capital and largest city | Ljubljana 46°03′05″N 14°30′22″E / 46.05139°N 14.50611°E |
Official languages | Slovene[i] |
Recognised regional languages | |
Religion (2018)[1] |
|
Demonym(s) | |
Government | Unitary parliamentary republic |
Nataša Pirc Musar | |
Robert Golob | |
Legislature | Parliament |
National Council | |
National Assembly | |
Establishment | |
29 October 1918 | |
1 December 1918 | |
19 February 1944 | |
29 July 1944 | |
• Independence from Yugoslavia | 25 June 1991[2] |
• Brioni Agreement signed | 7 July 1991 |
23 December 1991 | |
Area | |
• Total | 20,271 km2 (7,827 sq mi) (150th) |
• Water (%) | 0.7[3] |
Population | |
• 2024 estimate | ![]() |
• 2002 census | 1,964,036 |
• Density | 103[4]/km2 (266.8/sq mi) (114th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | ![]() |
• Per capita | ![]() |
GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | ![]() |
• Per capita | ![]() |
Gini (2023) | ![]() low inequality |
HDI (2022) | ![]() very high (22nd) |
Currency | Euro (€) (EUR) |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Calling code | +386 |
ISO 3166 code | SI |
Internet TLD | .si[ii] |
Slovenia (/sloʊˈviːniə, slə-/ [8][9] sloh-VEE-nee-ə; Slovene: Slovenija [slɔˈʋèːnija]),[10] officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: [11][12]), is a country in southern Central Europe.[13][14] Slovenia is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short coastline within the Adriatic Sea to the southwest.[15] Slovenia is mostly mountainous and forested,[16] covers 20,271 square kilometres (7,827 sq mi),[17] and has a population of approximately 2.1 million.[18] Slovene is the official language.[19] Slovenia has a predominantly temperate continental climate,[20] with the exception of the Slovene Littoral and the Julian Alps. Ljubljana, the capital and largest city of Slovenia, is geographically situated near the centre of the country.[21] Other larger urban centers are Maribor, Kranj, Celje and Koper.
Slovenia's territory has been part of many different states: the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Republic of Venice, the Illyrian Provinces of Napoleon's First French Empire, the Austrian Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[15] In October 1918, the Slovenes co-founded the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs.[22] In December 1918, they merged with the Kingdom of Montenegro and the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.[23] During World War II, Germany, Italy, and Hungary occupied and annexed Slovenia, with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia, a newly declared Nazi puppet state.[24] In 1945, it again became part of Yugoslavia. Post-war, Yugoslavia was allied with the Eastern Bloc, but after the Tito–Stalin split of 1948, it never subscribed to the Warsaw Pact, and in 1961 it became one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement.[25] In June 1991, Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia and became an independent sovereign state.[2]
Slovenia is a developed country, with a high-income economy ranking highly in the Human Development Index.[26] The Gini coefficient rates its income inequality among the lowest in the world.[27] It is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, the Schengen Area, the OSCE, the OECD, the Council of Europe, and NATO.[28] Slovenia was ranked 33rd in the Global Innovation Index in 2023.[29]
For centuries, the territory of Slovenia has been crossed by traditional transportation routes connecting northern Europe with southern, eastern, and western Europe. Slovenia's location in the northwestern part of the Mediterranean's most inland bay on the Adriatic Sea where the Alps, the plateaus of the Dinaric Alps, and the western margins of the Pannonian Basin meet gives [it] a relatively quite advantageous traffic and geographical position distinguished by its transitional character and the links between these geographical regions. In a wider macroregional sense, this transitional character and these links have not changed since prehistoric times.
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