 | This article needs to be updated. (September 2022) |
There are approximately 57 million smokers in Indonesia, among a population of 273 million people.[1][2] Around 63% of men and 5% of women report smoking, equating to 34% of the population.[3] The majority, 88% of Indonesian smokers, use clove-flavoured kreteks.[3] Kretek manufacturers directly employ over 180,000 people in Indonesia and an additional 10 million indirectly.[4] Indonesia is the fifth largest tobacco market in the world, and in 2008 over 165 billion cigarettes were sold in the country.[3]
Major tobacco companies dominating the market in Indonesia according to the year of establishment include:
- HM Sampoerna (Philip Morris International, 1913).
- Bentoel International Investama (British American Tobacco, 1930).
- Nojorono Tobacco International (1932).
- Djarum (1951).
- Gudang Garam (1958).
- Wismilak Inti Makmur (1962).
- Tri Sakti Purwosari Makmur (Korea Tobacco & Ginseng Corporation, 1974).
- Indonesian Tobacco (1980).[5]
The WHO has ranked Indonesia third in the world for total number of smokers.[6]
- ^ "Tobacco Economics in Indonesia" (PDF). International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 10, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2012.
- ^ "World Bank Open Data". World Bank Open Data. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
- ^ a b c "Indonesia". Tobacco Free Center. Archived from the original on June 11, 2010. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
- ^ Hanusz, Mark Smoke; A Century of Kretek pp. 140–143
- ^ "Country Report: Tobacco in Indonesia". Euro Monitor. August 2011.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Englishwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
© MMXXIII Rich X Search. We shall prevail. All rights reserved. Rich X Search