Back Sosiale media Afrikaans وسائل تواصل اجتماعي Arabic Medios sociales AST Nikickatatowipitcikana ATJ Sosial media Azerbaijani سوسیال مدیا AZB Soziale Medien BAR Social media BCL Сацыяльныя медыя Byelorussian Социална медия Bulgarian

Social media

Social media app icons on a smartphone screen

Social media are interactive technologies that facilitate the creation, sharing and aggregation of content, ideas, interests, and other forms of expression through virtual communities and networks.[1][2] Although not unchallenged,[3][4] common features include:[2]

The term social in regard to media suggests platforms enable communal activity. Social media can enhance and extend human networks.[8] Users access social media through web-based apps or custom apps on mobile devices. These interactive platforms alow individuals, communities, and organizations to share, co-create, discuss, participate in, and modify user-generated or self-curated content.[9][7][1] Social media are used to document memories, learn, and form friendships.[10] They may be used to promote people, companies, products, and ideas.[10] Social media can be used to consume, publish, or share news.

Popular social media platforms with more than 100 million registered users include X, Facebook, WeChat, ShareChat, Instagram, Pinterest, QZone, Weibo, VK, Tumblr, Baidu Tieba, and LinkedIn. Depending on interpretation, other popular platforms that are sometimes referred to as social media services include YouTube, Letterboxd, QQ, Quora, Telegram, WhatsApp, Signal, LINE, Snapchat, Pinterest, Viber, Reddit, Discord, TikTok, Microsoft Teams. Wikis are examples of collaborative content creation.

Social media outlets differ from old media (e.g. newspapers, TV, and radio broadcasting) in many ways, including quality,[11] reach, frequency, usability, relevancy, and permanence.[12] Social media outlets operate in a dialogic transmission system (many sources to many receivers) while traditional media operate under a monologic transmission model (one source to many receivers). For instance, a newspaper is delivered to many subscribers, and a radio station broadcasts the same programs to a city.[13]

Observers have noted a range of positive and negative impacts from social media. Social media can help to improve an individual's sense of connectedness with others and be an effective communication (or marketing) tool for corporations, entrepreneurs, non-profit organizations, advocacy groups, political parties, and governments. Social movements use social media for communicating and organizing. Social media has been criticized for a range of negative impacts on children and teenagers, including exposure to inappropriate content, exploitation by adults, sleep problems, attention problems, feelings of exclusion, and various mental health maladies.[14][15]

  1. ^ a b Kietzmann, Jan H.; Hermkens, Kristopher (2011). "Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media". Business Horizons (Submitted manuscript). 54 (3): 241–251. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.005. S2CID 51682132.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Obar, Jonathan A.; Wildman, Steve (2015). "Social media definition and the governance challenge: An introduction to the special issue". Telecommunications Policy. 39 (9): 745–750. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2647377. SSRN 2647377.
  3. ^ Tuten, Tracy L.; Solomon, Michael R. (2018). Social media.marketing. Los Angeles: Sage. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-5264-2387-0.
  4. ^ Aichner, T.; Grünfelder, M.; Maurer, O.; Jegeni, D. (2021). "Twenty-Five Years of Social Media: A Review of Social Media Applications and Definitions from 1994 to 2019". Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 24 (4): 215–222. doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.0134. PMC 8064945. PMID 33847527.
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference usersoftheworld was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Fuchs, Christian (2017). Social media: a critical introduction (2nd ed.). Los Angeles London New Delhi Singapore Washington DC Melbourne: SAGE. ISBN 978-1-4739-6683-3.
  7. ^ a b c Boyd, Danah M.; Ellison, Nicole B. (2007). "Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 13 (1): 210–30. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x.
  8. ^ Dijck, Jose van (2013-01-02). The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-997079-7.
  9. ^ Schivinski, Bruno; Brzozowska-Woś, Magdalena; Stansbury, Ellena; Satel, Jason; Montag, Christian; Pontes, Halley M. (2020). "Exploring the Role of Social Media Use Motives, Psychological Well-Being, Self-Esteem, and Affect in Problematic Social Media Use". Frontiers in Psychology. 11: 3576. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.617140. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 7772182. PMID 33391137.
  10. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Schurgin-2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Agichtein, Eugene; Castillo, Carlos; Donato, Debora; Gionis, Aristides; Mishne, Gilad (2008). "Finding high-quality content in social media" (PDF). WISDOM – Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining: 183–193.
  12. ^ Tao, Xiaohui; Huang, Wei; Mu, Xiangming; Xie, Haoran (18 November 2016). "Special issue on knowledge management of web social media". Web Intelligence. 14 (4): 273–274. doi:10.3233/WEB-160343 – via Lingnan scholars.
  13. ^ Pavlik, John; MacIntoch, Shawn (2015). Converging Media 4th Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-19-934230-3.
  14. ^ "How Social Media Affects Your Teen's Mental Health: A Parent's Guide". Yale Medicine. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  15. ^ "Social Media and Teen Mental Health". The Annie E. Casey Foundation. 2023-08-10. Retrieved 2024-05-24. {{cite web}}: |first= missing |last= (help)

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