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People's Republic of South Yemen (1967–1970) جمهورية اليمن الجنوبية الشعبية People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1970–1990) جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية | |||||||||||
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1967–1990 | |||||||||||
Motto: وحدة ، حرية ، إشتراكية Waḥdah, Ḥurrīyah, Ishtirākīyah ("Unity, Freedom, Socialism") | |||||||||||
Anthem: النشيد الوطني لجمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية An-Našid al-Waṭane al-Jomhuriyat al-Yaman ad-Dimoqrâṭiya aš-Šaʿbiya "National Anthem of People's Democratic Republic of Yemen" | |||||||||||
Capital and largest city | Aden 12.7855° N, 45.0187° E | ||||||||||
Official languages | Arabic | ||||||||||
Religion | Islam[a] | ||||||||||
Demonym(s) | Yemeni/Yemenite | ||||||||||
Government | Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic[4] | ||||||||||
General Secretary | |||||||||||
• 1978–1980 | Abdul Fattah Ismail | ||||||||||
• 1980–1986 | Ali Nasir Muhammad | ||||||||||
• 1986–1990 | Ali Salim al-Beidh | ||||||||||
President | |||||||||||
• 1967–1969 (first) | Qahtan al-Shaabi | ||||||||||
• 1986–1990 (last) | Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas | ||||||||||
Prime Minister | |||||||||||
• 1969 (first) | Faysal al-Shaabi | ||||||||||
• 1986–1990 (last) | Yasin Said Numan | ||||||||||
Legislature | Supreme People's Council | ||||||||||
Independence from the United Kingdom | |||||||||||
Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||||
• Independence declared | 30 November 1967 | ||||||||||
14 December 1967 | |||||||||||
22 June, 1969 | |||||||||||
• Constitution adopted | 31 October 1978 | ||||||||||
22 May 1990 | |||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||
• Total | 360,133 km2 (139,048 sq mi) | ||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||
• Estimate | 2,200,000[5] | ||||||||||
Currency | South Yemeni dinar (YDD) | ||||||||||
Drives on | right | ||||||||||
Calling code | +969[6] | ||||||||||
ISO 3166 code | YD | ||||||||||
Internet TLD | .yd[b] | ||||||||||
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Today part of | Yemen | ||||||||||
South Yemen,[c] officially the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen,[d] officially abbreviated to Democratic Yemen,[e][f] was a state that existed from 1967 to 1990 as the only communist state in the Middle East and the Arab world.[7] It was made up of the southern and eastern governorates of the present-day Republic of Yemen, including the island of Socotra. It was bordered by North Yemen to the north-west, Saudi Arabia to the north, and Oman to the east.
South Yemen's origins can be traced to 1874 with the creation of the British Colony of Aden and the Aden Protectorate, which consisted of two-thirds of present-day Yemen. Prior to 1937, what was to become the Colony of Aden had been governed as a part of British India, originally as the Aden Settlement subordinate to the Bombay Presidency and then as a Chief Commissioner's province. After the collapse of Aden Protectorate, a state of emergency was declared in 1963, when the National Liberation Front (NLF) and the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen (FLOSY) rebelled against the British rule. The Federation of South Arabia and the Protectorate of South Arabia were overthrown to become the "People's Republic of South Yemen" on 30 November 1967.
On 22 June 1969, the Marxist–Leninist faction of the NLF led by Abdel Fattah Ismail and Salim Rubai Ali, overthrew the Nasserist President Qahtan al-Shaabi in an internal bloodless coup that was later called the Corrective Move. The Marxist takeover later led to the creation of the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP), and South Yemen's transformation into a one-party, socialist state. The official name of the state was changed a year after the reforms to the "People's Democratic Republic of Yemen" (PDRY), and was able to establish strong relations with Cuba, East Germany, North Korea, China and the Soviet Union. Despite its efforts to bring stability into the region, it was involved in a brief civil war in 1986. The PDRY unified with the Yemen Arab Republic, on 22 May 1990 to form the present-day Republic of Yemen.
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