Southern Patagonian Ice Field dispute

The Southern Patagonian ice field dispute is a border dispute between Argentina and Chile over the delineation of the boundary line between the two countries on the Southern Patagonian Ice Field,^[1]^[2]^[3] a large expanse of glaciers located in the Patagonian Andes, which is the largest non-polar continental ice field with land access. It is called continental ice in Argentina and southern ice field in Chile, to differentiate it from the northern ice field. As of 2024,^[4]^[5]^[6] the Argentine-Chilean border in this sector is still pending of definition according to the 1998 agreement signed by both countries.^[7] The original border was defined 100 years prior on October 1st, 1898 by experts from both countries.^[8]^[9]^[10]

^ Brunet-Jailly, Emmanuel (2015). "Southern Patagonian ice field: positional boundary line dispute between Argentina and Chile, from the initial boundary settlement of 1881 to contemporary issues/challenges". Border Disputes: A Global Encyclopedia [3 volumes]: A Global Encyclopedia (2 ed.). California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781610690249.
^ Karen I. Manzano Iturra (2019). "SOUTHERN ICE FIELDS. CONTROVERSIES ABOUT THE CHILEAN–ARGENTINIAN FRONTIER (1990-2012)". Revista "Política y Estrategia". 134. Within the neighborhood borders, Chile and Argentina have held several border disagreements, most of which have been settled by the end of the 20th century. From this perspective stands out Southern Ice Fields (Chile) or Continental Ice (Argentina), which have one of the most important water reserves in the southern hemisphere, since its glaciers feed a number of bodies of water in Patagonia. However, their discussion prompted diplomatic negotiations in the 1990s, to delimit the section of each country, which was settled by the 1998 Agreement. This article aims to analyze the discussions generated around Southern Ice Fields between 1990 and 2012, framed in a strong bilateral relationship that has progressed the points of agreement between the two countries, but has failed to delimit definitely this point, which can be crucial in the freshwater conversations of the future.
^ Nicolás Vivar (October 21, 2020). "Chile y Argentina: Un conflicto histórico en Campos de Hielo Sur" (in Spanish). Glaciares Chilenos. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
^ Cite error: The named reference 20years was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference 1998Agreement was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Expedicion2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Orellana, Pía (September 2, 2020). "El límite en Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur: Un problema incómodo pendiente" (in Spanish). El Líbero. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
^ Cite error: The named reference Moreno1902 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Arbitraje1902 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference BarrosArana1898 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1] Brunet-Jailly, Emmanuel (2015). "Southern Patagonian ice field: positional boundary line dispute between Argentina and Chile, from the initial boundary settlement of 1881 to contemporary issues/challenges". Border Disputes: A Global Encyclopedia [3 volumes]: A Global Encyclopedia (2 ed.). California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781610690249.

[2] Karen I. Manzano Iturra (2019). "SOUTHERN ICE FIELDS. CONTROVERSIES ABOUT THE CHILEAN–ARGENTINIAN FRONTIER (1990-2012)". Revista "Política y Estrategia". 134. Within the neighborhood borders, Chile and Argentina have held several border disagreements, most of which have been settled by the end of the 20th century. From this perspective stands out Southern Ice Fields (Chile) or Continental Ice (Argentina), which have one of the most important water reserves in the southern hemisphere, since its glaciers feed a number of bodies of water in Patagonia. However, their discussion prompted diplomatic negotiations in the 1990s, to delimit the section of each country, which was settled by the 1998 Agreement. This article aims to analyze the discussions generated around Southern Ice Fields between 1990 and 2012, framed in a strong bilateral relationship that has progressed the points of agreement between the two countries, but has failed to delimit definitely this point, which can be crucial in the freshwater conversations of the future.

[3] Nicolás Vivar (October 21, 2020). "Chile y Argentina: Un conflicto histórico en Campos de Hielo Sur" (in Spanish). Glaciares Chilenos. Retrieved 18 January 2023.

[20years-4] Cite error: The named reference 20years was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[1998Agreement-5] Cite error: The named reference 1998Agreement was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Expedicion2018-6] Cite error: The named reference Expedicion2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[7] Orellana, Pía (September 2, 2020). "El límite en Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur: Un problema incómodo pendiente" (in Spanish). El Líbero. Retrieved 18 January 2023.

[Moreno1902-8] Cite error: The named reference Moreno1902 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Arbitraje1902-9] Cite error: The named reference Arbitraje1902 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[BarrosArana1898-10] Cite error: The named reference BarrosArana1898 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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