Back إلحاد الدولة Arabic Dövlət ateizmi Azerbaijani Ateisme d'Estat Catalan Staatsatheismus German Ateizmê dewlete DIQ Ateísmo de Estado Spanish بیخدایی حکومتی Persian Valtioateismi Finnish Athéisme d'État French אתאיזם מדיני HE
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State atheism or atheist state is the incorporation of hard atheism or non-theism into political regimes.[27] It is considered the opposite of theocracy and may also refer to large-scale secularization attempts by governments.[28] To some extent, it is a religion-state relationship that is usually ideologically linked to irreligion and the promotion of irreligion or atheism.[29] State atheism may refer to a government's promotion of anti-clericalism, which opposes religious institutional power and influence in all aspects of public and political life, including the involvement of religion in the everyday life of the citizen.[27][30][31] In some instances, religious symbols and public practices that were once held by religions were replaced with secularized versions of them.[32] State atheism in these cases is considered as not being politically neutral toward religion, and therefore it is often considered non-secular.[27]
The majority of communist states followed similar policies from 1917 onwards.[9][28][30][33][34][35][36] The Soviet Union (1922–1991) had a long history of state atheism, whereby those who were seeking social success generally had to profess atheism and stay away from places of worship; this trend became especially militant during the middle of the Stalinist era, which lasted from 1929 to 1953. In Eastern Europe, countries like Bulgaria,[34] East Germany and Czechoslovakia experienced strong state atheism policies.[28] The Soviet Union attempted to suppress public religious expression over wide areas of its influence, including places such as Central Asia. Currently, China,[28][33][36][37] North Korea,[36][37] and Vietnam,[38][9] are officially atheist.
Cuba[35] was an atheist state until 2019, when a change in its constitution declared it a secular state.[39]
In contrast, a secular state officially purports to be neutral in matters of religion; it does not support religion, nor does it support irreligion.[27][40][41] In a review of 35 European states in 1980, 5 states were considered "secular" in the sense of religious neutrality, 9 considered "atheistic", and 21 states considered "religious".[42]
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Campbell_2015was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Supporting sources listed as of January 22, 2018 for the world map showing nations that formerly or currently practice state atheism: Afghanistan[1];Albania[2]; Angola[3]; Armenia[4]; Azerbaijan[4]; Belarus[4]; Benin[5]; Bosnia-Herzegovina[6][7]; Bulgaria[8]; Cambodia[9]; China[10]; Croatia[6][7]; Congo[11]; Cuba[12]; Czechia[13]; East Germany[14]; Estonia[4]; Ethiopia[15]; Hungary[16]; Kazakhstan[4]; Kyrgyzstan[4]; Laos[17]; Latvia[4]; Lithuania[4]; Mexico[18]; Moldova[4]; Mongolia[19]; Montenegro[6][7]; Mozambique[20]; North Korea[21]; North Macedonia[6][7]; Poland[22]; Romania[23]; Serbia[6][7]; Slovakia[13]; Slovenia[6][7]; Tajikistan[4]; Turkmenistan[4]; Ukraine[4]; Uzbekistan[4]; Vietnam[24]; Yemen, or more specifically, South Yemen[25]
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Obrien_1993_p108was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ B. S., Political Science. "Religion in Vietnam". Learn Religions. Retrieved 2021-05-12.
- ^ "Normas Jurídicas: Constitución de La República de Cuba - Entre otras materias, Declara al Estado laico, consagra la libertad de conciencia y reconoce igualdad de derechos y deberes de instituciones religiosas y asociaciones fraternales: Proclamada en la Segunda Sesión Extraordinaria de la IX Legislatura de la Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular, el 10/04/2019". Boletín Jurídico del Observatorio de Libertad Religiosa de América Latina y el Caribe (9).
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