A state-capitalist country is one where the government controls the economy and essentially acts as a single huge corporation, extracting surplus value from the workforce in order to invest it in further production.[2] This designation applies regardless of the political aims of the state, even if the state is nominally socialist.[3] Some scholars argue that the economy of the Soviet Union and of the Eastern Bloc countries modeled after it, including Maoist China, were state-capitalist systems, and some western commentators believe that the current economies of China and Singapore also constitute a mixture of state-capitalism with private-capitalism.[4][5][6][7][8]
^Williams, Raymond (1985) [1976]. "Capitalism". Keywords: A Vocabulary of Society. Oxford paperbacks (revised ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 52. ISBN9780195204698. Retrieved 26 June 2020 – via Google Books. A new phrase, state-capitalism, has been widely used in mC20, with precedents from eC20, to describe forms of state ownership in which the original conditions of the definition – centralized ownership of the means of production, leading to a system of wage-labour – have not really changed.
^Compare: Dossani, Sameer (10 February 2009). "Chomsky: Understanding the Crisis — Markets, the State and Hypocrisy". Foreign Policy In Focus. Institute for Policy Studies. Archived from the original on 12 October 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2023. Noam Chomsky: [...] From roughly 1950 until the early 1970s there was a period of unprecedented economic growth and egalitarian economic growth. [...] Many economists called it the golden age of modern capitalism — they should call it state capitalism because government spending was a major engine of growth and development.
^Binns, Peter (March 1986). "State Capitalism". Education for Socialists (1). Socialist Party of Great Britain. Retrieved 26 June 2020 – via Marxists Internet Archive.
^Berger, Mark T. (August 1997). "Singapore's Authoritarian Capitalism: Asian Values, Free Market Illusions, and Political Dependency by Christopher Lingle". "Book Reviews". The Journal of Asian Studies. Cambridge University Press. 56 (3) 853–854. doi:10.1017/S0021911800035129. JSTORi325583 i325583.
^Lingle, Christopher; Owens, Amanda J.; Rowley, Charles K., eds. (Summer 1998). "Singapore and Authoritarian Capitalism". The Locke Luminary. I (1).
^Budhwar, Pawan S., ed. (2004). Managing Human Resources in Asia-Pacific. Psychology Press. p. 221. ISBN9780415300063.
^
Note for example:
Ricz, Judit (17 February 2023). "Introduction: Emerging Market Economies and Alternative Development Paths". In Ricz, Judit; Gerőcs, Tamás (eds.). The Political Economy of Emerging Markets and Alternative Development Paths. International Political Economy Series - ISSN 2662-2491. Cham: Springer Nature. p. 11. ISBN9783031207020. Retrieved 1 December 2023. [...] the role of state-owned enterprises, the manufacturing sector, various types of rents and the specificities of the Belarusian and Turkish state capitaliusm.
^Johnson, Allan G. (2000). The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology. Blackwell Publishing. p. 306. ISBN0-631-21681-2.[need quotation to verify] In 2008, the U.S. National Intelligence Council used the term in Global Trends 2025: A World Transformed to describe the development of China, India and Russia.