Steelmaking

Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore and/or scrap. Steel has been made for millennia, and was commercialized on a massive scale in the 1850s and 1860s, using the Bessemer and Siemens-Martin processes.

Currently, two major commercial processes are used. Basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) uses liquid pig-iron from a blast furnace and scrap steel as the main feed materials. Electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking uses scrap steel or direct reduced iron (DRI). Oxygen steelmaking has become more popular over time.^[1]

Steelmaking is one of the most carbon emission-intensive industries. In 2020, the steelmaking industry was reported to be responsible for 7% of energy sector greenhouse gas emissions.^[2] The industry is seeking significant emission reductions.^[3]

^ Turkdogan, E.T. (1996). Fundamentals of Steelmaking. London: Institute of Materials. ISBN 9781907625732. OCLC 701103539.
^ IEA (2020), Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/iron-and-steel-technology-roadmap, Licence: CC BY 4.0
^ "Decarbonization in steel". McKinsey. Retrieved 2021-04-03.

[turkdogan-1] Turkdogan, E.T. (1996). Fundamentals of Steelmaking. London: Institute of Materials. ISBN 9781907625732. OCLC 701103539.

[2] IEA (2020), Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/iron-and-steel-technology-roadmap, Licence: CC BY 4.0

[:1-3] "Decarbonization in steel". McKinsey. Retrieved 2021-04-03.

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