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Stepan Shaumian | |
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Ստեփան Շահումյան | |
![]() Stepan Shaumian | |
Commissar Extraordinary for the Caucasus | |
In office 25 April 1918 – 31 July 1918 | |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Position abolished |
Personal details | |
Born | Tiflis, Russian Empire (now Tbilisi, Georgia) | 13 October 1878
Died | 20 September 1918 Krasnovodsk, Russian SFSR (now Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan) | (aged 39)
Political party |
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Alma mater | Humboldt University of Berlin |
Occupation | Politician, revolutionary |
Signature | ![]() |
Stepan Georgevich Shaumian (Russian: Степан Георгиевич Шаумян; Armenian: Ստեփան Գեւորգի Շահումյան, romanized: Stepan Gevorgi Shahumyan; 1 October 1878 – 20 September 1918) was an Armenian Bolshevik Christian revolutionary and politician active throughout the Caucasus.[1] His role as a leader of the Russian Revolution in the Caucasus earned him the nickname of the "Caucasian Lenin", a reference to Russian revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin.[2]
The founder and editor of several newspapers and journals, Shaumian is best known as the head of the Baku Commune, a short-lived committee appointed by Lenin in March 1918 with the task of leading the revolution in the Caucasus and West Asia. His tenure as leader of the Baku Commune was marred with numerous problems including ethnic violence between Baku's Armenian and Azerbaijani populations, attempting to defend the city against an advancing Turkish army, all the while attempting to spread the cause of the revolution throughout the region. Unlike many of the other Bolsheviks at the time, he preferred to resolve many of the conflicts he faced peacefully rather than with force and terror.[3]
Shaumian was known by various aliases, including "Suren", "Surenin" and “Ayaks".[1] After the Baku Commune was voted out of power in July 1918, he fled across the Caspian Sea with the other leaders of the Commune, known as the 26 Baku Commissars. He and the rest of the commissars were captured and executed by anti-Bolshevik forces on 20 September 1918.[citation needed]
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