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Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (Arabic: التَّصَوُّف), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",[1] or, the inward dimension of Islam, is the primary manifestation of mystical practice in Islam. Jordan is considered by many Sufis to be "a spiritual center and a fertile environment for Sufism," [2] at least in part due to the fact that many of the narratives from the Qur’an take place within its modern borders. Many of the Sufis in Jordan today belong to one of six main orders or tariqa: Qadiri, Naqshbandi, Rifa'i, Shadhili, Khalwati, and Tijani.[2] The oral history of Sufi practice in northern Jordan goes back at least as far as the 13th century, and was "documented as early as the 16th century in Ottoman tax registers."[3] Sufism in modern-day Jordan remained prominent through the mid-20th century.
Up until the era of independence, Sufi orders and popular forms of Sufi religiosity dominated the religious scene, with other Islamic movements and groups beginning to emerge only later as branches of other groups already established outside the boundaries of the Hashemite Kingdom.
— Sufism and Sufi Orders: God’s Spiritual Paths Adaptation and Renewal in the Context of Modernization, Hassan Abu Hanieh, p.12
- ^ Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15
- ^ a b Abu Hanieh, Hassan (2011). Sufism and Sufi Orders: God's Spiritual Paths Adaptation and Renewal in the Context of Modernization (PDF). Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung. ISBN 978-9957-484-15-6.
- ^ Walker, Bethany (2008). Interpreting Welfare and Relief in the Middle East. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-16436-9.
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