Sultanate of Buayan

Sultanate of Buayan كسولتانن نو بواين Kasultanan nu Buayan
c.1350–1905
Seal of Datu Uto (1875–1899)
The territorial map of the Sultanate of Buayan in 1875 during the reign of Datu Utto.
Capital	Buayan (1350–c.1860) Bacat (c.1860–1872; 1875–1899) Kudarangan (1872–1875) Tinungkup (1899–1905)
Common languages	Maguindanaon, Iranun, Teduray, Manobo languages and Blaan
Religion	Islam
Demonym(s)	Buayanen
Government	Absolute monarchy
Sultan/Datu/Rajah
• c.1350–1390	Mamu
• c.1390–1400s	Budtul
• c.1400s–1500s	Malang-sa-Inged
• 1596–1627	Raja Silongan
• 1875–1899	Uto
• 1899–1905	Ali
History
• Established by Datu Mamu	c.1350
• Arrival of Rajah Baguinda Ali	c.1390
• Reign of Datu Utto	1875–1899
• Rise of Datu Ali	1899–1905
• Battle of the Malala River	1905
Currency	Barter
Preceded by Succeeded by Rajahnate of Kiliman Insular Government of the Philippines Moro Province
Today part of	Philippines

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The Sultanate of Buayan (Maguindanaon: Kasultanan nu Buayan, Jawi: كسولتانن نو بواين; Filipino: Sultanato ng Buayan), alternatively the Rajahnate of Buayan, was a Muslim state on the island of Mindanao in the southern Philippines from the mid-14th to the 20th century. Buayan was one of the four major sultanates in Mindanao, other sultanates being the Sultanate of Sulu, the Sultanate of Maguindanao, and the Confederacy of Lanao. Being the primary power in the upper Cotabato valley, it had access to an abundance of fertile land as well as raw materials, transforming into an agricultural powerhouse in contrast to Maguindanao. In addition, despite its status as an interior sultanate, Buayan was able to conduct maritime trade and diplomacy either through the Pulangi river mouth, or its port in Sarangani. At its maximum extent, its territory stretched from modern-day Kabuntalan to Sarangani Bay.^[1][2][3]

Buayan was also well known for its long rivalry with Maguindanao, often using its alliance with Spain to weaken its rival and usurp the throne in Cotabato, as well as to monopolize on the trade, influence, and tribute from its weaker subjects over mainland Mindanao.

Its rulers, often referred to as the "Rajah Buayan" indicates a pre-existing Indianized form of governance in the region, already headed by a Rajah.^[2]

The Sultanate of Buayan ceased to exist as a sovereign entity following the death of Datu Ali, cousin of Datu Uto of Buayan, after being killed in the Battle of the Malala River on 22 October 1905 against American forces. The American colonial administration was able to assert its authority with the aid of Datu Piang, the assumed ruler of Cotabato.^[4]