Back وذمة رئوية ناتجة عن السباحة Arabic Œdème pulmonaire d'immersion French Edema paru akibat berenang ID Акутни оток плућа у роњењу Serbian Simningsorsakat lungödem Swedish Імерсійний набряк легень Ukrainian

Swimming-induced pulmonary edema

Swimming-induced pulmonary edema
Other namesSwimming-induced pulmonary oedema,[1] pulmonary oedema of immersion
SpecialtyPulmonology

Swimming induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), also known as immersion pulmonary edema, is a life threatening condition that occurs when fluids from the blood leak abnormally from the small vessels of the lung (pulmonary capillaries) into the airspaces (alveoli).[2][3]

SIPE usually occurs during exertion in conditions of water immersion, such as swimming and diving. With the recent surge in popularity of triathlons and swimming in open water events there has been an increasing incidence of SIPE. It has been reported in scuba divers,[4][5] apnea (breath hold) free-diving competitors,[6] combat swimmers, and triathletes.[2] [7] The causes are incompletely understood as of 2010.[2][8][9] Some authors believe that SIPE may be the leading cause of death among recreational scuba divers, but there is insufficient evidence at present.[3]

  1. ^ 'Oedema' is the standard form defined in the Concise Oxford English Dictionary (2011), with the precision that the spelling in the United States is 'edema'.
  2. ^ a b c Miller III, Charles C.; Calder-Becker, Katherine; Modave, Francois (2010). "Swimming-induced pulmonary edema in triathletes". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 28 (8): 941–6. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2009.08.004. PMID 20887912.
  3. ^ a b "Immersion Pulmonary Oedema". www.ukdmc.org. UK Diving Medical Committee. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  4. ^ Pons, M; Blickenstorfer, D; Oechslin, E; Hold, G; Greminger, P; Franzeck, UK; Russi, EW (1995). "Pulmonary oedema in healthy persons during scuba-diving and swimming". The European Respiratory Journal. 8 (5): 762–7. doi:10.1183/09031936.95.08050762. PMID 7656948. S2CID 35365328. [unreliable medical source?]
  5. ^ Henckes, A; Lion, F; Cochard, G; Arvieux, J; Arvieux, C (2008). "L'œdème pulmonaire en plongée sous-marine autonome : fréquence et gravité à propos d'une série de 19 cas" [Pulmonary oedema in scuba-diving: frequency and seriousness about a series of 19 cases]. Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (in French). 27 (9): 694–9. doi:10.1016/j.annfar.2008.05.011. PMID 18674877.
  6. ^ Liner, M. H.; Andersson, J. P. A. (2008). "Pulmonary edema after competitive breath-hold diving". Journal of Applied Physiology. 104 (4): 986–90. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.528.4523. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00641.2007. PMID 18218906. [unreliable medical source?]
  7. ^ Kumar, Manish; Thompson, Paul D. (2019-04-03). "A literature review of immersion pulmonary edema". The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 47 (2): 148–151. doi:10.1080/00913847.2018.1546104. ISSN 0091-3847. PMID 30403902. S2CID 53209012.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference pmid15730335 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference pmid15023003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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