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 Ink on silk manuscript of the Tao Te Ching – from Mawangdui (2nd century BC) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Author | Laozi (trad.)[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Language | Classical Chinese | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subject | Philosophy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Publication date | 4th century BC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Publication place | China | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Published in English | 1868 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Original text | Tao Te Ching at Chinese Wikisource | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Translation | Tao Te Ching at Wikisource | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 道德經 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 道德经 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Classic of the Way and Virtue" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 老子 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "[The Writings of] Master Lao" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Second alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 道德真經 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 道德真经 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Sutra of the Way and Its Power" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Tao Te Ching[note 1] (traditional Chinese: 道德經; simplified Chinese: 道德经) or Laozi is a Chinese classic text and foundational work of Taoism traditionally credited to the sage Laozi, though the text's authorship, date of composition and date of compilation are debated.[7] The oldest excavated portion dates to the late 4th century BC.[8]
The Tao Te Ching is central to both philosophical and religious Taoism, and has been highly influential to Chinese philosophy and religious practice in general. It is generally taken as preceding the Zhuangzi, the other core Taoist text,[8] as claimed within the text itself.[9] Terminology originating within the text has been reinterpreted and elaborated upon by Legalist thinkers, Confucianists, and particularly Chinese Buddhists, which had been introduced to China significantly after the initial solidification of Taoist thought. It is comparatively well known in the West, and one of the most translated texts in world literature.[8]
- ^ Ellwood, Robert S. (2008), "Lao-tzu (Laozi)", The Encyclopedia of World Religions, Infobase, p. 262, ISBN 978-1-4381-1038-7
- ^ "Tao Te Ching". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- ^ Julien (1842), p. ii.
- ^ Chalmers (1868), p. v
- ^ Legge & al. (1891).
- ^ Suzuki & al. (1913).
- ^ Eliade (1984), p. 26
- ^ a b c Chan (2013).
- ^ Hansen 1992, p. 345.
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