Tapa Shotor

Tapa Shotor
(Hadda)
	Tapa Shotor seated Buddha, with Classical figures of Herakles (left, as Vajrapani) and Tyche (right, as Hariti), in Niche V2, 2nd century CE. Photographed in 1981 by Louis Dupree, before its destructions by the Taliban in 1992.
	Shown within Afghanistan Tapa Shotor (Gandhara) Tapa Shotor (South Asia)
Coordinates	34°21′58″N 70°28′08″E / 34.366041°N 70.468981°E
Type	Buddhist monastery
History
Founded	1st century BCE
Abandoned	9th century CE

Tapa Shotor, also Tape Shotor or Tapa-e-shotor ("Camel Hill"),^[5] was a large Sarvastivadin monastery near Hadda, Afghanistan, and is now an archaeological site.^[6] According to archaeologist Raymond Allchin, the site of Tapa Shotor suggests that the Greco-Buddhist art of Gandhara descended directly from the art of Hellenistic Bactria, as seen in Ai-Khanoum.^[7] Alexander the Great and Herakles are represented together with the Buddha as Vajrapani in niches V2 and V3, thus according to Lucas Christopoulos, demonstrating the adoption of Buddhism by the Indo-Greeks in a context of an "Helleno-Buddhist Universalism."^[8] The site of Tapa Shotor was destroyed by arson and looted in 1992.^[1]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference ZTSRH62 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Tepe Shotor Tableau. Hadda, Nangarhar Province. ACKU Images System". ackuimages.photoshelter.com.
^ Behrendt, Kurt A. (2007). The Art of Gandhara in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-224-4.
^ Boardman, George. The Greeks in Asia. pp. Greeks and their arts in India.
^ Vanleene, Alexandra. "The Geography of Gandhara Art" (PDF): 143. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Vanleene, Alexandra. "The Geography of Gandhara Art" (PDF): 158. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "Following discoveries at Ai-Khanum, excavations at Tapa Shotor, Hadda, produced evidence to indicate that Gandharan art descended directly from Hellenised Bactrian art. It is quite clear from the clay figure finds in particular , that either Bactrian artist from the north were placed at the service of Buddhism, or local artists, fully conversant with the style and traditions of Hellenistic art , were the creators of these art objects" in Allchin, Frank Raymond (1997). Gandharan Art in Context: East-west Exchanges at the Crossroads of Asia. Published for the Ancient India and Iran Trust, Cambridge by Regency Publications. p. 19. ISBN 9788186030486.
^ Lucas Christopoulos, Alexander the Great and Herakles as Guardians of the Buddha from Tapa Shotor: https://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp350_alexander_the_great_herakles_buddha.pdf

[ZTSRH62-1] Cite error: The named reference ZTSRH62 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[2] "Tepe Shotor Tableau. Hadda, Nangarhar Province. ACKU Images System". ackuimages.photoshelter.com.

[3] Behrendt, Kurt A. (2007). The Art of Gandhara in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-224-4.

[4] Boardman, George. The Greeks in Asia. pp. Greeks and their arts in India.

[5] Vanleene, Alexandra. "The Geography of Gandhara Art" (PDF): 143. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[6] Vanleene, Alexandra. "The Geography of Gandhara Art" (PDF): 158. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[Allchin-7] "Following discoveries at Ai-Khanum, excavations at Tapa Shotor, Hadda, produced evidence to indicate that Gandharan art descended directly from Hellenised Bactrian art. It is quite clear from the clay figure finds in particular , that either Bactrian artist from the north were placed at the service of Buddhism, or local artists, fully conversant with the style and traditions of Hellenistic art , were the creators of these art objects" in Allchin, Frank Raymond (1997). Gandharan Art in Context: East-west Exchanges at the Crossroads of Asia. Published for the Ancient India and Iran Trust, Cambridge by Regency Publications. p. 19. ISBN 9788186030486.

[8] Lucas Christopoulos, Alexander the Great and Herakles as Guardians of the Buddha from Tapa Shotor: https://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp350_alexander_the_great_herakles_buddha.pdf

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

History
Tapa Shotor seated Buddha, with Classical figures of Herakles (left, as Vajrapani) and Tyche (right, as Hariti), in Niche V2, 2nd century CE. Photographed in 1981 by Louis Dupree, before its destructions by the Taliban in 1992.^[1]^[2]
Shown within Afghanistan Show map of Afghanistan Tapa Shotor (Gandhara) Show map of Gandhara Tapa Shotor (South Asia) Show map of South Asia
Coordinates	34°21′58″N 70°28′08″E / 34.366041°N 70.468981°E / 34.366041; 70.468981
Type	Buddhist monastery
Founded	1st century BCE
Abandoned	9th century CE