Back Tèhran ACE Тегеран ADY Teheran Afrikaans Teheran ALS ቴህራን Amharic Teherán AN Tehrān ANG طهران Arabic ܛܗܪܐܢ ARC طهران ARY

Tehran

This article is about the Iranian capital city. For other uses, see Tehran (disambiguation).

Tehran
تهران
Capital city
Tehran skyline and the Alborz
Flag of Tehran
Flag
Official seal of Tehran
Seal
Map
Tehran is located in Iran
Tehran
Tehran
Location in Iran and Asia
Tehran is located in Asia
Tehran
Tehran
Tehran (Asia)
Coordinates: 35°41′20″N 51°23′23″E / 35.68889°N 51.38972°E / 35.68889; 51.38972
CountryIran
ProvinceTehran
CountyTehran
Rey
Shemiranat
DistrictCentral
Government
 • MayorAlireza Zakani
 • City Council ChairmanMehdi Chamran
Area
[1]
 • Urban
615 km2 (237 sq mi)
 • Metro
2,235 km2 (863 sq mi)
Elevation
[2]
1,040 to 2,040 m (3,412 to 6,692 ft)
Population
 (2016 census)[5]
8,693,706
 • Estimate 
(2021)
9,039,000[4]
 • Density14,698/km2 (38,070/sq mi)
 • Metro
14,425,000 (province)[3]
 • Population rank in Iran
1st
DemonymTehrani (en)
Time zoneUTC+03:30 (IRST)
Area codes+98 21
ClimateBSk
Websitetehran.ir
This article contains Persian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.

Tehran[a] is the capital and largest city of Iran.[6] It is also the capital of Tehran province and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District.[7] With a population of around 9.8 million in the city,[8] and 16.8 million in the metropolitan area, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia,[9] the second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East after Cairo, and the 24th-most-populous metropolitan area in the world. Greater Tehran includes several municipalities, including Karaj, Eslamshahr, Shahriar, Qods, Malard, Golestan, Pakdasht, Qarchak, Nasimshahr, Parand, Pardis, Andisheh and Fardis.

In classical antiquity, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages (now Ray), a prominent Median city that was destroyed in the medieval Arab, Turkic, and Mongol invasions.[10] Modern Ray was absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran. Tehran was first chosen as the capital of Iran in 1786 by Agha Mohammad Khan of the Qajar dynasty, due to its proximity to Iran's territories in the Caucasus—which were contested in the Russo-Iranian Wars—and to avoid the vying factions of prior ruling Iranian dynasties; the capital of Iran had been moved several times throughout its long history, with Tehran becoming the 32nd. Under Naser al-Din Shah (1848-1896), Tehran witnessed Iran's first institute of higher learning, bank, railway line and museum. Large-scale construction works began in the 1920s, and Tehran became a destination for mass migrations from all over Iran in the 20th century.[11]

Tehran is home to many historical sites, including the World Heritage Site Golestan Palace of Qajar dynasty and the Sa'dabad, Niavaran and Marmar palace complexes of the Pahlavi dynasty. Landmarks include the Azadi Tower, a memorial built in 1971 to mark the 2,500th anniversary of the Persian Empire; the Milad Tower, the world's sixth-tallest self-supporting tower, completed in 2007; and the Tabiat Bridge, completed in 2014.[12]

Most residents of Tehran are Persian,[13][14] of whom roughly 99% speak the Persian language; there are numerous other ethnolinguistic groups that are Persianised and assimilated.[15] Tehran has been described as a cultural "melting pot", hosting more Azerbaijanis than any other city in the world, as well as over 2 million Kurds.[16][17][18][19][20][21] Tehran is served by Imam Khomeini International Airport, alongside the domestic Mehrabad Airport, a central railway station, Tehran Metro, the Tehran Bus Rapid Transit system, trolleybuses, and a large network of highways.

Due to air pollution and earthquakes, there have been plans to relocate the capital to another area, although none have been approved. A 2016 survey of 230 cities across the globe by Mercer ranked Tehran 203rd for quality of life.[22] According to the Global Destinations Cities Index in 2016, Tehran is among the top ten fastest growing tourism destinations.[23] In 2016, the Tehran City Council declared 6 October "Tehran Day", celebrating the date in 1907 when the city officially became the capital of Iran.[24]

  1. ^ "City of Tehran Statisticalyearbook" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
  2. ^ Tehran, Environment & Geography Archived 17 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Tehran.ir.
  3. ^ "Estimated population in Iran by province in 2024". www.iranopendata.org/fa/. Iran Open Data (IOD). 5 December 2024. Retrieved 27 December 2024.
  4. ^ "Population of Tehran". Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2024.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2016 Tehran Province was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Marsi, Federica (31 July 2024). "Israel war on Gaza updates: Fears of escalation grow after Haniyeh killing". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 17 August 2024. Hamas says its political chief Ismail Haniyeh was killed in an Israeli missile attack in Iran's capital, Tehran.
  7. ^ Habibi, Hassan (12 September 1990) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1369/06/21 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. تصویب سازمان و سلسله تابعیت عناصر و واحدهای تقسیمات کشوری استان تهران به مرکزیت شهر تهران [‌Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Tehran province centered on the city of Tehran]. لام تا کام [Lam ta Kam] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board]. شناسه [ID] B559F46F-4863-4D87-ACAB-5274C02BA3C5. شماره دوره [Course number] 69, شماره جلد [Volume number] 3. Archived from the original on 21 June 2025. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  8. ^ "City population 2025".
  9. ^ SI ee List of metropolitan areas in Asia.
  10. ^ Erdösy, George. (1995). The Indo-Aryans of ancient South Asia: Language, material culture and ethnicity. Walter de Gruyter. p. 165. Possible western place names are the following: Raya-, which is also the ancient name of Median Raga in the Achaemenid inscriptions (Darius, Bisotun 2.13: a land in Media called Raga) and modern Rey south of Tehran
  11. ^ "Tehran (Iran) : Introduction – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
  12. ^ "Tabiat Pedestrian Bridge / Diba Tensile Architecture". ArchDaily. 17 November 2014. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference tabnak was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad Jalal; McDonald, Peter; Hosseini-Chavoshi, Meimanat (30 September 2009). "Region of Residence". The Fertility Transition in Iran: Revolution and Reproduction. Springer. pp. 100–101.
  15. ^ Schuppe, Mareike. (2008). Coping with Growth in Tehran: Strategies of Development Regulation. GRIN Verlag. p. 13. Besides Persian, there are Azari, Armenian, and Jewish communities in Tehran. The vast majority of Tehran's residents are Persian-speaking (98.3%).
  16. ^ "When did tehran became capital?". 14 October 2024.
  17. ^ "About Tehran: Exploring the Area, Population, and Characteristics of Iran's Capital City". 27 November 2023.
  18. ^ "It's time we consider Iran's ethnic minorities".
  19. ^ "The Situation of the Kurdish Community at Tehran, By H. S. Soran". theinsightinternational.com.
  20. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 June 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  21. ^ "Gate of Tehran".
  22. ^ Barbaglia, Pamela. (29 March 2016). "Iranian expats hard to woo as Western firms seek a foothold in Iran". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 April 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
  23. ^ Erenhouse, Ryan. (22 September 2016). "Bangkok Takes Title in 2016 Mastercard Global Destinations Cities Index". MasterCard's newsroom. Archived from the original on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
  24. ^ "Citizens of Capital Mark Tehran Day on October 6". 6 October 2018. Archived from the original on 6 July 2019. Retrieved 7 October 2018.


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