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Terra Lliure

Terra Lliure
Leaders
Dates of operation1978-1995
  • 1979 (start of operations)
  • 1985 (arrest of major leaders)
  • 1991 (ceasefire)
  • 1992 (Operation Garzón)
  • 1995 (dissolution)
Split fromPSAN[1]
Group(s)MDT (political wing)
Active regions
Ideology
Allies
OpponentsSpain Spain
MC
Flag

Terra Lliure (Eastern Calatan: [ˈtɛrə ˈʎiwɾə], "Free Land"), sometimes referred to as TLL, was a Catalan nationalist[7] far-left[6] Marxist-Leninist[4] paramilitary group. Formed in 1978, the group carried out hundreds of attacks that left many people injured and five dead (four of them members of the organization after the explosion of the artifact they were manipulating in three separate incidents).[8][9][10]

Terra Lliure, became known to the public with a protest at a mass meeting at the Camp Nou stadium in Barcelona in 1981. An important police raid in 1991 and the renunciation of violence by some of the group members led to the dissolution of Terra Lliure in 1995. After disbanding, many members joined the political party Republican Left of Catalonia.[11] During the most active period of its activity it was considered a terrorist organization by Spanish[12][13] and European courts,[14] Spanish press, and at least parts of the Catalan press.[15][12][16]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference illas was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference muro was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference pau was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c Chriswell, Kaitlyn (30 April 2014). Cross-cutting cleavages: Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, Terra Lliure, and the centrality of social networks (PDF) (Honors in Political Science thesis). Northwestern University. p. 28.
  5. ^ Herrero Vázquez, Antonio (2012). "Terrorismo yihadista y su reflejo en los periódicos españoles (2001-2005). El caso canario (1977-1985)". Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (in Spanish). 14 (1): 35–37. ISBN 978-84-15910-95-4.
  6. ^ a b c Gutiérrez, José A.; Font, Jordi Martí (8 September 2022). "October 2017 in Catalonia: The anarchists and the procés". Nations and Nationalism. 29 (1). Wiley Online Library: 209–228. doi:10.1111/nana.12896.
  7. ^ "La escalada del independentismo callan ha propiciado la escalada de violencia protagonizada por Terra Lliure". elpais.com (in Spanish). April 17, 1988. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
  8. ^ "TV3 s'atreveix amb la història de Terra Lliure". ee-noticies.com (in Catalan). 2007.
  9. ^ Visa, Lluís (10 September 1987). "Atentado mortal de Terra Lliure en vísperas de nacional catalana protagonizada por los independentistas". El País.
  10. ^ "36è aniversari de la mort del lluitador independentista Fèlix Goñi "Bruc"". Llibertat.cat. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  11. ^ "Terra Lliure renuncia a la violencia y anuncia que sus militantes ingresarán en Esquerra Republicana". elpais.com (in Spanish). July 6, 1991. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
  12. ^ a b "El TS eleva a 23 años la pena de cárcel para un ex miembro de Terra Lliure condenado por colocar bombas en bancos". 24 July 2007.
  13. ^ TS Penal
  14. ^ "El caso Terra Lliure dirigido por Garzón y la sentencia del TEDH". Archived from the original on 2014-04-28.
  15. ^ http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1987/04/26/pagina-36/32988026/pdf.html>
  16. ^ "La policía hace estallar un paquete bomba dirigido al abogado Gómez Rovira". El País. 25 December 1987.

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