Thutmose III

Thutmose III
Thutmose III
Tuthmosis III, "Manahpi(r)ya" in the Amarna letters
	Thutmosis III statue in Luxor Museum
Pharaoh
Reign	54 regnal years; 28 April 1479 – 11 March 1425 BC (LC)
Coregency	Hatshepsut (until 22nd year of his rule)
Predecessor	Thutmose II
Successor	Amenhotep II
Horus name
Horus name
	Kanakht Khaemwaset; Mighty Bull, Arising in Thebes
Nebty name
	Wahnesytmireempet; Enduring in kingship like Re in heaven
Golden Horus
	Sekhempahtydjeserkhaw; Powerful of strength, holy of diadems
Praenomen
	Menkheperre; Lasting is the Manifestation of Re
Nomen
	Djehutymes Neferkheperu; Thoth is born, beautiful of forms
	;
Consort	Satiah, Hatshepsut-Meryetre, Nebtu, Menwi, Merti, Menhet, Nebsemi
Children	Amenemhat, Amenhotep II, Beketamun, Iset, Menkheperre, Meritamen C and Meritamen D, Nebetiunet, Nefertiri, Siamun
Father	Thutmose II
Mother	Iset
Born	1481 BC
Died	11 March 1425 BC (aged 56)
Burial	KV34; Mummy found in the Deir el-Bahri royal cache (Theban Necropolis)
Monuments	Cleopatra's Needle; Obelisk of Theodosius
Dynasty	18th Dynasty

Thutmose III (variously also spelt Tuthmosis or Thothmes), sometimes called Thutmose the Great,^[3] (1479–1425 BC) was the fifth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt. He is regarded as one of the greatest warriors, military commanders, and military strategists of all time;^[4] as Egypt's preeminent warrior pharaoh and conqueror;^[5]^[6] and as a dominant figure in the New Kingdom period.^[7]

Officially, Thutmose III ruled Egypt from his coronation on 28 April 1479 BC at the age of two until his death on 11 March 1425 BC. But for the first 22 years of his reign, he was coregent with his stepmother and aunt, Hatshepsut, who was named the pharaoh.^[8] He became sole ruler after Hatshepsut's death in 1458.

Thutmose III conducted between 17 and 20 military campaigns, all victorious,^[9] which brought ancient Egypt's empire to its zenith. They are detailed in the inscriptions known as the Annals of Thutmose III. He also created the ancient Egyptian navy, the first navy in the ancient world.^[10] Historian Richard A. Gabriel called him the "Napoleon of Egypt".^[11]

Two years before his own death, and after the death of his firstborn son and heir Amenemhat, Thutmose III appointed a later son, Amenhotep II, as junior co-regent and successor-in-waiting.

^ Clayton, Peter. Chronicle of the Pharaohs, Thames & Hudson Ltd., 1994. p. 104
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference RoyalFamilies was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ "Ancient Egypt's Greatest Warrior: TuthmosIs The 3rd – Egypt's Napoleon (Full History Documentary)". dokus4free. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
^ Gabriel, Richard A. (2009). Thutmose III: A Military Biography of Egypt's Greatest Warrior King (1st ed.). Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. pp. 3, 21–23, 81. ISBN 978-1-59797-373-1.
^ Edwards, I. E. S.; Gadd, C. J.; Hammond, N. G. L; Sollberger, E., eds. (1975). The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 2, Part 2: The Middle East and the Aegean Region, c. 1380–1000 BC. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 0-521-08691-4.
^ Gabriel, Richard A. (2009). Thutmose III: A Military Biography of Egypt's Greatest Warrior King (1st ed.). Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. pp. 2–3, 26, 81, 203–204. ISBN 978-1-59797-373-1.
^ Putnam, James (1990). An Introduction to Egyptology. Crescent Books. pp. 33–34. ISBN 9780517023365.
^ Partridge, R., 2002. Fighting Pharaohs: Weapons and warfare in ancient Egypt. Manchester: Peartree. pp. 202–203
^ Gabriel, Richard A. (2009). Thutmose III: A Military Biography of Egypt's Greatest Warrior King (1st ed.). Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. pp. 3, 23, 199. ISBN 978-1-59797-373-1.
^ Gabriel, Richard A. (2001). Great Captains of Antiquity (1st ed.). Greenwood Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 0-313-31285-0.
^ Gabriel, Richard A. (2001). Great Captains of Antiquity (1st ed.). Greenwood Press. p. 20. ISBN 0-313-31285-0.

[Clayton_104-1] Clayton, Peter. Chronicle of the Pharaohs, Thames & Hudson Ltd., 1994. p. 104

[RoyalFamilies-2] Cite error: The named reference RoyalFamilies was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[3] "Ancient Egypt's Greatest Warrior: TuthmosIs The 3rd – Egypt's Napoleon (Full History Documentary)". dokus4free. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.

[4] Gabriel, Richard A. (2009). Thutmose III: A Military Biography of Egypt's Greatest Warrior King (1st ed.). Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. pp. 3, 21–23, 81. ISBN 978-1-59797-373-1.

[5] Edwards, I. E. S.; Gadd, C. J.; Hammond, N. G. L; Sollberger, E., eds. (1975). The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 2, Part 2: The Middle East and the Aegean Region, c. 1380–1000 BC. Vol. II (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 21. ISBN 0-521-08691-4.

[6] Gabriel, Richard A. (2009). Thutmose III: A Military Biography of Egypt's Greatest Warrior King (1st ed.). Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. pp. 2–3, 26, 81, 203–204. ISBN 978-1-59797-373-1.

[7] Putnam, James (1990). An Introduction to Egyptology. Crescent Books. pp. 33–34. ISBN 9780517023365.

[:1-8] Partridge, R., 2002. Fighting Pharaohs: Weapons and warfare in ancient Egypt. Manchester: Peartree. pp. 202–203

[9] Gabriel, Richard A. (2009). Thutmose III: A Military Biography of Egypt's Greatest Warrior King (1st ed.). Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. pp. 3, 23, 199. ISBN 978-1-59797-373-1.

[10] Gabriel, Richard A. (2001). Great Captains of Antiquity (1st ed.). Greenwood Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 0-313-31285-0.

[11] Gabriel, Richard A. (2001). Great Captains of Antiquity (1st ed.). Greenwood Press. p. 20. ISBN 0-313-31285-0.

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