Tipu Sultan | |||||
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Badshah Nasib-ud-Daulah Mir Fateh Ali Bahadur Tipu | |||||
![]() Portrait of Tipu Sultan, from Mysore (c. 1790–1800). | |||||
Sultan of Mysore | |||||
Reign | 10 December 1782 – 4 May 1799 | ||||
Coronation | 29 December 1782 | ||||
Predecessor | Hyder Ali | ||||
Successor | Krishnaraja III (as Maharaja of Mysore) | ||||
Born | Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu 1 December 1751 Devanahalli, Kingdom of Mysore (present-day Karnataka, India) | ||||
Died | 4 May 1799 Srirangapatna, Sultanate of Mysore (present-day Karnataka, India) | (aged 47)||||
Burial | |||||
Spouse |
Sultan Begum Sahib (m. 1774)Ruqaya Banu Begum (m. 1774)Khadija Zaman Begum
(m. 1796; died 1797)Buranti Begum Roshani Begum | ||||
Issue | Shezada Hyder Ali, Ghulam Muhammad Sultan Sahib and many others | ||||
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House | Mysore | ||||
Father | Hyder Ali | ||||
Mother | Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa | ||||
Religion | Sunni Islam[1][2][3][4] | ||||
Seal | ![]() | ||||
Military career | |||||
Service/ | ![]() | ||||
Rank | Sultan | ||||
Battles/wars | See list |
Tipu Sultan (Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799), commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore",[5][6] was an Indian ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India.[7] He was a pioneer of rocket artillery.[8][9][10] He expanded the iron-cased Mysorean rockets and commissioned the military manual Fathul Mujahidin. He deployed the rockets against advances of British forces and their allies during the Anglo-Mysore Wars, including the Battle of Pollilur and Siege of Srirangapatna.[11]
Tipu Sultan and his father Hyder Ali used their French-trained army in alliance with the French in their struggle with the British,[12] and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers: against the Marathas, Sira, and rulers of Malabar, Kodagu, Bednore, Carnatic, and Travancore. Tipu became the ruler of Mysore upon his father's death from cancer in 1782 during the Second Anglo-Mysore War. He negotiated with the British in 1784 with the Treaty of Mangalore which ended the war in status quo ante bellum.
Tipu's conflicts with his neighbours included the Maratha–Mysore War, which ended with the signing of the Treaty of Gajendragad.[13]
Tipu remained an enemy of the British East India Company. He initiated an attack on British-allied Travancore in 1789. In the Third Anglo-Mysore War, he was forced into the Treaty of Seringapatam, losing a number of previously conquered territories, including Malabar and Mangalore. In the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, a combined force of British East India Company troops supported by the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad defeated Tipu. He was killed on 4 May 1799 while defending his stronghold of Seringapatam.
Tipu also introduced administrative innovations during his rule, including a new coinage system and calendar,[14] and a new land revenue system, which initiated the growth of the Mysore silk industry.[15] He is known for his patronage to Channapatna toys.[16]
Both Haidar 'Ali and Tipu Sultan were parvenu Sunni Muslim rulers...
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After coming into power, Tipu ordered his 'ulama' to collect significant matters of Mohammadan law, especially those corresponding to the Hanafi School of thought. As a result, a Persian treatise on the important laws of Islam called Fiqh-i Mohammadi was written down. Indeed, the existing sources suggest that Tipu was in all likelihood a Sunni Muslim who belonged to the Hanafi School.
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