Trans-regulatory element

Trans-regulatory elements (TRE) are DNA sequences encoding upstream regulators (ie. trans-acting factors), which may modify or regulate the expression of distant genes.^[1] Trans-acting factors interact with cis-regulatory elements to regulate gene expression.^[2] TRE mediates expression profiles of a large number of genes via trans-acting factors.^[3] While TRE mutations affect gene expression, it is also one of the main driving factors for evolutionary divergence in gene expression.^[3]

^ Gilad Y, Rifkin SA, Pritchard JK (August 2008). "Revealing the architecture of gene regulation: the promise of eQTL studies". Trends in Genetics. 24 (8): 408–15. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2008.06.001. PMC 2583071. PMID 18597885.
^ Wang Q, Jia Y, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Nie C, Li J, Yang N, Qu L (December 2019). "Evolution of cis- and trans-regulatory divergence in the chicken genome between two contrasting breeds analyzed using three tissue types at one-day-old". BMC Genomics. 20 (1): 933. doi:10.1186/s12864-019-6342-5. PMC 6896592. PMID 31805870.
^ ^a ^b Goncalves A, Leigh-Brown S, Thybert D, Stefflova K, Turro E, Flicek P, Brazma A, Odom DT, Marioni JC (December 2012). "Extensive compensatory cis-trans regulation in the evolution of mouse gene expression". Genome Research. 22 (12): 2376–84. doi:10.1101/gr.142281.112. PMC 3514667. PMID 22919075.

[Gilad_2008-1] Gilad Y, Rifkin SA, Pritchard JK (August 2008). "Revealing the architecture of gene regulation: the promise of eQTL studies". Trends in Genetics. 24 (8): 408–15. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2008.06.001. PMC 2583071. PMID 18597885.

[Wang_2019-2] Wang Q, Jia Y, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Nie C, Li J, Yang N, Qu L (December 2019). "Evolution of cis- and trans-regulatory divergence in the chicken genome between two contrasting breeds analyzed using three tissue types at one-day-old". BMC Genomics. 20 (1): 933. doi:10.1186/s12864-019-6342-5. PMC 6896592. PMID 31805870.

[Goncalves_2012-3] Goncalves A, Leigh-Brown S, Thybert D, Stefflova K, Turro E, Flicek P, Brazma A, Odom DT, Marioni JC (December 2012). "Extensive compensatory cis-trans regulation in the evolution of mouse gene expression". Genome Research. 22 (12): 2376–84. doi:10.1101/gr.142281.112. PMC 3514667. PMID 22919075.

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