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Twitter

This article is about the rebranded social network. For its successor, see X (social network). For the parent company, see Twitter, Inc.

Twitter
Logo used from 2012 to 2023
Type of site
Social networking service
Available inMultilingual
FoundedMarch 21, 2006 (2006-03-21), in San Francisco, California, U.S.
Successor(s)X
Area servedWorldwide, except blocking countries
Owner
Founder(s)
ChairmanElon Musk
URLtwitter.com (redirects to x.com)
LaunchedJuly 15, 2006 (2006-07-15)
Current statusRebranded in 2023
Native client(s) on
Written in

Twitter was a social networking service that was rebranded in 2023 to create the social networking service X. Founded in 2006, it was purchased by Elon Musk in 2022 before its rebrand. At its peak popularity, the service was one of the world's largest social media websites and the fifth-most visited website in the world.[1][2]

The service was created in March 2006 and launched in July of that year. Its creators, Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams, then founded Twitter, Inc. in San Francisco, California, as a managing company for it in April 2007.

A signature characteristic of the service was that posts were required to be brief (originally limited to 140 characters, later expanded to 280 in 2017).[3] Users could share short text messages, images, and videos in posts called "tweets", and like or "retweet" other users' content.[4] Twitter also included direct messaging, bookmarks, and lists. Features added late in the service's history included groups ("communities") and the ability to annotate tweets by other users to add context, known as Community Notes.

By 2012 more than 100 million users were producing 340 million tweets per day.[5] The majority of tweets were produced by a minority of users.[6][7] In 2020, it was estimated that approximately 48 million accounts (15%) were bots rather than genuine users.[8]

In October 2022, the billionaire businessman Elon Musk acquired Twitter for US$44 billion, and became its chief executive officer (CEO).[9][10][11][12] He stated that his aim was to promote free speech. Since his acquisition, the platform has been criticized for enabling the increased spread of disinformation[13][14][15] and hate speech.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Linda Yaccarino succeeded Musk as CEO on June 5, 2023, with Musk remaining as the chairman and the chief technology officer.[23][24][25] In July 2023, Musk announced that Twitter would be rebranded to X and the bird logo would be retired.[26][27]

  1. ^ "Top Websites Ranking". Similarweb. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  2. ^ "twitter.com". Similarweb.com. Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Twitter_500 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Conger, Kate (August 3, 2023). "So What Do We Call Twitter Now Anyway?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 12, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
  5. ^ "Twitter turns six". March 21, 2012. Archived from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2014 – via Twitter.
  6. ^ Carlson, Nicholas (June 2, 2009). "Stunning New Numbers on Who Uses Twitter". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  7. ^ Wojcik, Stefan; Hughes, Adam (April 24, 2019). "Sizing Up Twitter Users". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on October 29, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rodriguez was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Isaac, Mike; Hirsch, Lauren (April 25, 2022). "Musk's deal for Twitter is worth about $44 billion". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 26, 2022. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  10. ^ Feiner, Lauren (April 25, 2022). "Twitter accepts Elon Musk's buyout deal". CNBC. Archived from the original on April 26, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  11. ^ Kay, Grace; Hays, Kali. "Elon Musk is officially Twitter's new owner, and he's firing executives already". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 28, 2022. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
  12. ^ Olmstead, Todd (October 28, 2022). "Twitter Purchased by Elon Musk: A Timeline of How It Happened". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 3, 2023. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
  13. ^ Milmo, Dan (October 9, 2023). "X criticised for enabling spread of Israel-Hamas disinformation". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on October 10, 2023. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  14. ^ Goswami, Rohan (October 9, 2023). "X, formerly Twitter, amplifies disinformation amid the Israel-Hamas conflict". CNBC. Archived from the original on October 9, 2023. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  15. ^ Lyngaas, Sean; O'Sullivan, Donie; Duffy, Clare (October 9, 2023). "Elon Musk's X adds to fog of war at outset of Israel-Hamas conflict". CNN. Archived from the original on October 10, 2023. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  16. ^ Sato, Mia (December 2, 2022). "Hate speech is soaring on Twitter under Elon Musk, report finds". The Verge. Archived from the original on March 19, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
  17. ^ "New Data Suggests that Hate Speech is on the Rise on Twitter 2.0". Social Media Today. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
  18. ^ Frenkel, Sheera; Conger, Kate (December 2, 2022). "Hate Speech's Rise on Twitter Is Unprecedented, Researchers Find". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
  19. ^ Kolodny, Lora (November 16, 2023). "Elon Musk boosts antisemitic tweet, claims ADL and other groups push 'anti-white' messaging". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2023.
  20. ^ Gangitano, Alex (November 17, 2023). "White House blasts Elon Musk's 'unacceptable' antisemitic tweet". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 17, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2023.
  21. ^ "Elon Musk promotes anti-trans content as hate speech surges on his far-right platform". The Independent. June 5, 2023. Archived from the original on August 7, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2023.
  22. ^ Yang, Angela (April 18, 2023). "Twitter quietly changes its hateful conduct policy to remove standing protections for its transgender users". NBC News. Archived from the original on April 19, 2023. Retrieved November 17, 2023.
  23. ^ Frier, Sarah (June 5, 2023). "Twitter's New CEO Linda Yaccarino Has First Day in the Role". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on November 8, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  24. ^ Miller, Monica (December 21, 2022). "Elon Musk to quit as Twitter CEO when replacement found". BBC News. Archived from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
  25. ^ "Twitter's New CEO Linda Yaccarino Has First Day in the Role". Bloomberg.com. June 6, 2023. Archived from the original on June 26, 2023. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
  26. ^ Valinsky, Jordan (July 24, 2023). "Twitter X logo: Elon Musk rebrands social media platform". CNN Business. Archived from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  27. ^ "Elon Musk reveals rebranding of Twitter as X - and what he wants us to now call a tweet". Sky News. Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved July 25, 2023.

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