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Twitter

This article is about the social network before rebranding. For its successor, see X (social network). For the parent company, see Twitter, Inc.

Twitter
Logo used from 2012 to 2023
Type of site
Social networking service
Available inMultilingual
FoundedMarch 21, 2006 (2006-03-21), in San Francisco, California, U.S.
Successor(s)X
Area servedWorldwide, except blocking countries
Owner
Founder(s)
ChairmanElon Musk
URLtwitter.com (redirects to x.com)
LaunchedJuly 15, 2006 (2006-07-15)
Current statusRebranded on July 23, 2023, as X
Native client(s) on
Written in

Twitter is an American social networking service that was rebranded as X in 2023. Established in March 2006, it grew to become one of the world's largest social media websites and the fifth-most visited website in the world.[1][2] It was launched in July 2006, and its creators Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams, established Twitter, Inc. in San Francisco, California, as its managing company in April 2007.

A defining feature was its demand for succinct posts, originally capped at 140 characters and later extended to 280 in 2017.[3] Users could share concise text messages, images, and videos through "tweets" and engage with other users' content via likes or "retweets".[4] Additional features like direct messaging, bookmarks, and lists were also included. Later innovations such as groups ("communities") and Birdwatch, allowing users to annotate tweets for context, were introduced. By 2012, over 100 million users were generating 340 million tweets daily, with the majority coming from a minority of users.[5][6] In 2020, it was estimated that approximately 48 million accounts (15%) were bots rather than genuine users.[7]

In October 2022, billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk acquired Twitter for US$44 billion, assuming the role of CEO with an aim to champion free speech.[8][9] However, since the acquisition, the platform has faced criticism for facilitating the spread of disinformation[10][11] and hate speech.[12][13] Linda Yaccarino succeeded Musk as CEO on June 5, 2023, while Musk retained positions as chairman and chief technology officer.[14][15] In July 2023, Musk announced the rebranding of Twitter to X, accompanied by the retirement of its iconic bird logo.[16][17]

  1. ^ "Top Websites Ranking". Similarweb. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  2. ^ "twitter.com". Similarweb.com. Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Twitter_500 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Conger, Kate (August 3, 2023). "So What Do We Call Twitter Now Anyway?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 12, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
  5. ^ Carlson, Nicholas (June 2, 2009). "Stunning New Numbers on Who Uses Twitter". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 5, 2021. Retrieved January 9, 2021.
  6. ^ Wojcik, Stefan; Hughes, Adam (April 24, 2019). "Sizing Up Twitter Users". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on October 29, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Rodriguez was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Feiner, Lauren (April 25, 2022). "Twitter accepts Elon Musk's buyout deal". CNBC. Archived from the original on April 26, 2022. Retrieved April 25, 2022.
  9. ^ Olmstead, Todd (October 28, 2022). "Twitter Purchased by Elon Musk: A Timeline of How It Happened". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 3, 2023. Retrieved November 7, 2022.
  10. ^ Milmo, Dan (October 9, 2023). "X criticised for enabling spread of Israel-Hamas disinformation". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on October 10, 2023. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  11. ^ Lyngaas, Sean; O'Sullivan, Donie; Duffy, Clare (October 9, 2023). "Elon Musk's X adds to fog of war at outset of Israel-Hamas conflict". CNN. Archived from the original on October 10, 2023. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
  12. ^ Sato, Mia (December 2, 2022). "Hate speech is soaring on Twitter under Elon Musk, report finds". The Verge. Archived from the original on March 19, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
  13. ^ Frenkel, Sheera; Conger, Kate (December 2, 2022). "Hate Speech's Rise on Twitter Is Unprecedented, Researchers Find". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
  14. ^ Frier, Sarah (June 5, 2023). "Twitter's New CEO Linda Yaccarino Has First Day in the Role". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on November 8, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  15. ^ Miller, Monica (December 21, 2022). "Elon Musk to quit as Twitter CEO when replacement found". BBC News. Archived from the original on March 17, 2023. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
  16. ^ Valinsky, Jordan (July 24, 2023). "Twitter X logo: Elon Musk rebrands social media platform". CNN Business. Archived from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  17. ^ "Elon Musk reveals rebranding of Twitter as X - and what he wants us to now call a tweet". Sky News. Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved July 25, 2023.

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