Two Chinas

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Two Chinas
Territories controlled by the People's Republic of China (PRC) (purple) and the Republic of China (ROC) (orange). The size of minor islands controlled by the PRC, the ROC, and other countries (gray) has been exaggerated in this map for ease of identification.
Traditional Chinese	兩個中國
Simplified Chinese	两个中国
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin liǎng gè Zhōngguó (in PRC) liǎng ge Zhōngguó (in ROC) Bopomofo ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄍㄜ` ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛ´ (in PRC) ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄍㄜ˙ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛ´ (in ROC) Wade–Giles liang3 ko4 chung1-kuo2 (in PRC) liang3 ko chung1-kuo2 (in ROC) Yale Romanization lyǎng gè Jūnggwó (in PRC) lyǎng ge Jūnggwó (in ROC)

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The concept of Two Chinas refers to the political divide between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). The PRC, known simply as China, was established in 1949 by the Chinese Communist Party, while the ROC, known simply as Taiwan was founded in 1912 and retreated to the island of Taiwan, formerly a Japanese colony, after losing the Chinese Civil War.

Despite both claiming to be the legitimate government of all of China (One China), they operate as separate entities with different political systems and ideologies. The differences between the two Chinas are stark, with the PRC being a one-party communist state and the ROC a multi-party democracy formerly a one-party military rule. Despite these differences and conflicting claims, both countries play important roles in the global community having separate diplomatic relations.^[1][2]