Ugrians

Historically, the Ugrians or Ugors were the linguistic ancestors of the present-day Hungarians, and the Khanty and Mansi peoples of Western Siberia.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] The name is sometimes also used in a modern context as a cover term for these three peoples.^[5]^[6] In 19th century and early 20th century literature, they were called Ugrian Finns.^[7]

The Khanty and the Mansi are collectively known as the Ob-Ugrians. They are ethnographically close to each other and live in geographic proximity with each other in the Ob River basin, mostly in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.^[8]^[4]

The majority of Hungarians live in Hungary in Central Europe. They are ethnographically and culturally distant from the Ob-Ugrians, and are only related to them by a weak linguistic connection.^[6]

^ Sinor, Denis, ed. (1990). The Cambridge history of early Inner Asia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 230–232. ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.
^ Róna-Tas, András (1999). Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: an introduction to early Hungarian history. Translated by Bodoczky, Nicholas. Budapest New York: Central European Univ. Press. p. 97,319. ISBN 978-963-9116-48-1.
^ Kálmán, Béla (1988). "The history of Ob-Ugric languages". In Denis Sinor (ed.). The Uralic Languages: Description, History and Foreign Influences. Handbuch Der Orientalistik (Abt. 8, Vol. I). Leiden: BRILL. pp. 395–412. Thus the Ugrians had either to move north or to change nomadic animal breeding. The forefathers of the Ob-Ugrians proceeded northwards and reached the lower and middle reaches of the Ob. The Hungarians' ancestors however became animal breeders.
^ ^a ^b Skribnik, Elena; Laakso, Johanna (2022). "Ugric: General introduction". In Bakró-Nagy, Marianne; Laakso, Johanna; Skribnik, Elena K. (eds.). The Oxford guide to the Uralic languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 523–524. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198767664.003.0028. ISBN 978-0-19-876766-4.
^ Hajdú, Péter (1975). Finno-Ugrian Languages and Peoples. London: Deutsch. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-233-96552-9.
^ ^a ^b Wixman, Ronald (1984). The peoples of the USSR : an ethnographic handbook. Armonk, N.Y. : M.E. Sharpe. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-585-23536-3.
^ Baynes, T. S., ed. (1879). "Finland" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. IX (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 219. Ugrian Finns include the Voguls [...], the Ostyaks [...] and the Magyars of Hungary
^ Wixman, Ronald (1984). The peoples of the USSR : an ethnographic handbook. Armonk, N.Y. : M.E. Sharpe. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-585-23536-3.

[CambridgeHistory-1] Sinor, Denis, ed. (1990). The Cambridge history of early Inner Asia. Cambridge University Press. pp. 230–232. ISBN 978-0-521-24304-9.

[2] Róna-Tas, András (1999). Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: an introduction to early Hungarian history. Translated by Bodoczky, Nicholas. Budapest New York: Central European Univ. Press. p. 97,319. ISBN 978-963-9116-48-1.

[3] Kálmán, Béla (1988). "The history of Ob-Ugric languages". In Denis Sinor (ed.). The Uralic Languages: Description, History and Foreign Influences. Handbuch Der Orientalistik (Abt. 8, Vol. I). Leiden: BRILL. pp. 395–412. Thus the Ugrians had either to move north or to change nomadic animal breeding. The forefathers of the Ob-Ugrians proceeded northwards and reached the lower and middle reaches of the Ob. The Hungarians' ancestors however became animal breeders.

[OxfordObUgric-4] Skribnik, Elena; Laakso, Johanna (2022). "Ugric: General introduction". In Bakró-Nagy, Marianne; Laakso, Johanna; Skribnik, Elena K. (eds.). The Oxford guide to the Uralic languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 523–524. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198767664.003.0028. ISBN 978-0-19-876766-4.

[5] Hajdú, Péter (1975). Finno-Ugrian Languages and Peoples. London: Deutsch. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-233-96552-9.

[USSR2-6] Wixman, Ronald (1984). The peoples of the USSR : an ethnographic handbook. Armonk, N.Y. : M.E. Sharpe. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-585-23536-3.

[7] Baynes, T. S., ed. (1879). "Finland" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. IX (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 219. Ugrian Finns include the Voguls [...], the Ostyaks [...] and the Magyars of Hungary

[USSR1-8] Wixman, Ronald (1984). The peoples of the USSR : an ethnographic handbook. Armonk, N.Y. : M.E. Sharpe. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-585-23536-3.

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