Back Umar bin Khattab ACE Omar Afrikaans Umar ibn al-Chattab ALS ኡማር Amharic Umar ibn al-Khattāb AN عمر بن الخطاب Arabic عمر بن الخطاب ARY عمر بن الخطاب ARZ Umar ibn al-Jattab AST ГӀумар ибн ал-ХатӀтӀаб AV
| Umar عُمَر | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Calligraphic seal featuring Umar's name, on display in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul | |
| 2nd caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate | |
| Reign | 23 August 634 – c. 6 November 644 (10 years, 73 days) |
| Predecessor | Abu Bakr |
| Successor | Uthman |
| Born | c. 584 Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia |
| Died | c. 6 November 644 (c. 26 Dhu al-Hijjah 23 AH) (aged 60–61) Medina, Rashidun Caliphate |
| Burial | Prophet's Mosque, Medina |
| Spouse | |
| Issue (among others) | |
| Tribe | Quraysh (Banu Adi) |
| Father | Al-Khattab ibn Nufayl |
| Mother | Hantamah bint Hisham |
| Religion | Islam |
| Signature |  |
| Arabic name | |
| Personal (Ism) | Umar |
| Patronymic (Nasab) | Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb ibn Nufayl ibn Abd al-'Uzzā ibn Rāz ibn Adiyy ibn Ka'ab ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghālib ibn Fihr ibn Mālik |
| Teknonymic (Kunya) | Abu Hafs |
| Epithet (Laqab) | Al-Fārūq ("The Distinguisher between right and wrong") |
| Umar |
|---|
 |
| Part of a series on Sunni Islam |
|---|
 |
 Islam portal |
Umar ibn al-Khattab[a] (Arabic: عُمَر بْن ٱلْخَطَّاب, romanized: Umar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb; c. 584 – 644), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
Initially, Umar opposed Muhammad, who was his distant Qurayshite kinsman. However, after converting to Islam in 616, he became the first Muslim to openly pray at the Kaaba. He participated in nearly all of Muhammad’s battles and expeditions, and Muhammad conferred upon him the title al-Fārūq ("the Distinguisher") for his sound judgement. After Muhammad’s death in June 632, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr as the first caliph and served as his chief adviser. In 634, shortly before his death, Abu Bakr nominated Umar as his successor.
During Umar’s reign, the caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, conquering the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire.[3] His campaigns against the Sasanians resulted in the conquest of Persia within two years (642–644). According to Jewish tradition, Umar lifted the Christian ban on Jews entering Jerusalem and permitted them to worship there.[4] Umar was assassinated by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz in 644.
Umar is widely credited with expanding the Islamic world beyond Arabia and introducing the Hijri Calendar.[5][6] Historians generally regard him as one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history.[7] In Sunni Islamic tradition, he is revered as a just ruler and a paragon of Islamic virtues,[8] with some hadiths identifying him as the second greatest of the Sahabah after Abu Bakr.[9][10] In Twelver Shia tradition, however, he is viewed negatively.[11]
- ^ Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir. Mir'at ul-Oqool. Vol. 21. p. 199.
- ^ Al-Tusi, Nasir Al-Din. Al-Mabsoot. Vol. 4. p. 272.
- ^ Hourani (1991), p. 23.
- ^ Dubnow, Simon (1968). History of the Jews: From the Roman Empire to the Early Medieval Period. Vol. 2. Cornwall Books. p. 326. ISBN 978-0-8453-6659-2.
- ^ Vaglieri 1970, p. 64.
- ^ "Islamic calendar | Months, Definition, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 27 April 2025.
- ^ Ahmed, Nazeer; Islam in Global History - From the Death of Prophet Muhammad to the First World War, American Institute of Islamic History and Cul, 2001, p. 34 ISBN 0-7388-5963-X.
- ^ Bonner, M.; Levi Della Vida, G. "Umar (I) b. al-K̲h̲aṭṭāb". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 10 (Second ed.). Brill. p. 820.
- ^ "Hadith – Book of Companions of the Prophet – Sahih al-Bukhari – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com.
- ^ "Hadith – Book of Companions of the Prophet – Sahih al-Bukhari – Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com.
- ^ Bonner, M.; Levi Della Vida, G. "Umar (I) b. al-K̲h̲aṭṭāb". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 10 (Second ed.). Brill. p. 820.
Shi'i tradition has never concealed its antipathy to Umar for having thwarted the claims of Ali and the House of the Prophet.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
© MMXXIII Rich X Search. We shall prevail. All rights reserved. Rich X Search