Umber

Umber
Color coordinates
Hex triplet	#635147
sRGBB (r, g, b)	(99, 81, 71)
HSV (h, s, v)	(21°, 28%, 39%)
CIELChuv (L, C, h)	(36, 15, 39°)
Source	ColorHexa[1]
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Umber is a natural earth pigment consisting of iron oxide and manganese oxide; it has a brownish color that can vary among shades of yellow, red, and green.^[3]: 39 Umber is considered one of the oldest pigments known to humans, first seen in Ajanta Caves in 200 BC – 600 AD.^[4]: 378 Umber's advantages are its highly versatile color, warm tone, and quick drying abilities.^{[5]: 148–49} While some sources indicate that umber's name comes from its geographic origin in Umbria, other scholars suggest that it derives from the Latin word umbra, which means "shadow".^[6]: 250 The belief that its name derives from the word for shadow is fitting, as the color helps create shadows.^[6]: 250 The color is primarily produced in Cyprus.^[6]: 250 Umber is typically mined from open pits or underground mines and ground into a fine powder that is washed to remove impurities.^[7] In the 20th century, the rise of synthetic dyes decreased the demand for natural pigments such as umber.^{[citation needed]}