Vesicouterine fistula

Vesicouterine fistula
Other names	Youssef syndrome[1] Menouria
Specialty	Urogynaecology
Causes	Lower segment caesarean section
Differential diagnosis	Endometriosis

Vesicouterine fistula refers to an abnormal communication between the bladder and uterus. The first case of vesicouterine fistula was reported in 1908.^[2] It was however first described in 1957 by Abdel Fattah Youssef, an obstetrician and gynaecologist in Kasr el-Aini hospital, Cairo, Egypt. It is characterized by a vesicouterine fistula above the level of the internal os, absence of menstrual bleeding, cyclical presence of blood in urine and absence of urinary incontinence with a patent cervical canal following a lower segment caesarean section.^[1][3] Six of such cases had been reported by other clinicians before the term Menouria was coined by Youssef.^[3]