Villarrica (volcano)

Villarrica Volcano
Ruka Pillañ
View of Villarrica Volcano
Highest point
Elevation	2,860 m (9,380 ft)[1]
Prominence	1,575 m (5,167 ft)[1]
Listing	Region high point Ultra
Coordinates	39°25′15″S 71°56′21″W / 39.42083°S 71.93917°W / -39.42083; -71.93917[1]
Naming
English translation	Place of Wealth
Language of name	Spanish
Geography
Villarrica Volcano Location in Chile
Location	Southern Chile
Parent range	Andes
Geology
Age of rock	< Upper Pleistocene
Mountain type	Stratovolcano
Volcanic belt	South Volcanic Zone
Last eruption	2020
Climbing
First ascent	1883, Chilean Army
Easiest route	Villarrica ski centre – Piedra Negra

Villarrica ( ⫽ˌviːəˈriːkə⫽ VEE-ə-REE-kə) (Spanish: Volcán Villarrica, Mapudungun: Ruka Pillañ) is one of Chile's most active volcanoes, rising above the lake and town of the same name, 750 km (470 mi) south of Santiago.^[2] It is also known as Rucapillán, a Mapuche word meaning "great spirit's house" or " the demon's house". It is the westernmost of three large stratovolcanoes that trend northwest to southeast obliquely perpendicular to the Andean chain along the Mocha-Villarrica Fault Zone,^[3] and along with Quetrupillán and the Chilean portion of Lanín, are protected within Villarrica National Park. Guided ascents are popular during summer months.

Villarrica, with its lava of basaltic-andesitic composition, is one of a small number worldwide known to have an active (but in this case intermittent) lava lake within its crater. The volcano usually generates strombolian eruptions with ejection of incandescent pyroclasts and lava flows. Rainfall plus melted snow and glacier ice can cause massive lahars (mud and debris flows), such as during the eruptions of 1964 and 1971.

Villarrica is one of 9 volcanoes currently monitored by the Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project. The project is collecting data on the carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide emission rates from subaerial volcanoes.^[4]