Back Wladimir-Soezdal Afrikaans فلاديمير سوزدال Arabic Principáu de Vladímir-Súzdal AST Böyük Vladimir knyazlığı Azerbaijani بؤیوک ولادیمیر دوکلیغی AZB Бөйөк Владимир кенәзлеге Bashkir Вялікае княства Уладзімірскае Byelorussian Владимирско-Суздалско княжество Bulgarian Principat de Vladímir-Súzdal Catalan Vladimirsko-suzdalské knížectví Czech
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Grand Principality of Vladimir Великое княжество Владимирское | |||||||||
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| 1125–1389 | |||||||||
 Seal of Alexander Nevsky
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.png) Vladimir-Suzdal in 1237 | |||||||||
| Capital | Suzdal (1125–1157) Vladimir (1157–1389) | ||||||||
| Common languages | Russian | ||||||||
| Religion | Russian Orthodoxy | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Grand Prince | |||||||||
• 1125–1157 (first) | Yuri Dolgoruky | ||||||||
• 1363–1389 (last) | Dmitry Donskoy | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1125 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1389 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Russia | ||||||||
| History of Russia |
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 Russia portal |
The Principality of Suzdal,[a] from 1157 the Grand Principality of Vladimir,[b] also known as Vladimir-Suzdal,[c] or simply Suzdalia,[1] was a medieval principality that was established during the disintegration of Kievan Rus'. In historiography, the territory of the grand principality and the principalities that emerged from it is commonly denoted as north-east Russia or north-east Rus'.[d][2]
Yury Dolgoruky (r. 1125–1157) moved his capital from Rostov to Suzdal in 1125, following the death of his father.[3] He ruled a principality that had become virtually independent.[4] His son Andrey (r. 1157–1175) moved the capital to Vladimir and had Kiev sacked in 1169, leading to political power shifting to the north-east.[5] Andrey's younger brother Vsevolod III (r. 1176–1212) secured control of the throne, and following his death, a dynastic conflict ensued. Yury II (r. 1212–1216, 1218–1238) was killed during the Mongol invasions of 1237–1238.[6] His younger brother Yaroslav II (r. 1238–1246) and the other princes submitted to Mongol rule.[7]
By the end of the 13th century, the grand principality had fragmented into over a dozen appanages.[8] Moscow and Tver emerged as the two leading principalities, leading to a struggle between them for possession of the grand princely throne.[9] From 1331, the prince of Moscow was also the grand prince of Vladimir, except for one brief interruption from 1359 to 1363, when the throne was held by Nizhny Novgorod.[10] In 1389, the grand principality became a family possession of the prince of Moscow and the two thrones were united.[11] The original territory of the grand principality would later serve as the core of the Russian state.[12]
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- ^ Fennell 2014, p. 2, "The agriculturally rich 'land beyond the forests' {Zalesskaya zemlya) or Suzdalia, as it is convenient to call the federation of principalities in north-east Russia ruled by Vsevolod III and his numerous sons...".
- ^ Fennell 2014, p. 12, "...north-east Russia — the lands of Suzdal' and Vladimir..."; Fennell 2023, p. 11; Dmytryshyn 1977, p. 99, "...northeast Rus was the region of Vladimir-Suzdal...".
- ^ Feldbrugge 2017, p. 33; Venning 2023, 'Grand Principality' of Vladimir-Suzdal.
- ^ Fennell 2014, p. 3, "By the time of his death in 1125 Suzdalia was virtually independent of Kiev under its sovereign ruler Yury".
- ^ Riasanovsky & Steinberg 2019, p. 67; Fennell 2014, p. 6; Channon & Hudson 1995, p. 16.
- ^ Riasanovsky & Steinberg 2019, p. 68; Fennell 2014, p. 50, "Yury assumed the grand principality once again and installed himself in Vladimir, where he was to remain until his death at the battle on the Sit' river in 1238".
- ^ Fennell 2014, p. 99.
- ^ Fennell 2014, p. 163, "By the end of the thirteenth century the disintegration of Suzdalia was well under way with more than a dozen principalities virtually separated from Vladimir, their rulers out of the running for the grand-princely throne...".
- ^ Fennell 2014, p. 151, "Tver' and Moscow were emerging in the last decade of the thirteenth century as the true centres of power in north-east Russia..."; Fennell 2023, p. 11; Crummey 2014, pp. 34, 36.
- ^ Crummey 2014, p. 45; Crummey 2014, p. 40, "During his reign, Ivan I also established that the princes of Moscow had first claim on the grand princely throne. With the benefit of hindsight, we can see that, after him, his heirs retained the title and office almost without interruption".
- ^ Fennell 2023, p. 306, "But the most vivid proof of the assimilation of the thrones of Vladimir and Moscow is to be found in Dmitry Donskoy's will of 1389 in which he bequeaths Vladimir to his eldest son".
- ^ Crummey 2014, pp. 36, 212; Feldbrugge 2017, p. 33; Cherniavsky 2017, p. 403, "Completely within the area conquered by the Tatars or Mongols was northeast Russia, the foundation of the later Muscovite tsardom and of Imperial Russia".
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