The Earl of Chatham | |
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![]() Pitt the Elder, after Richard Brompton | |
Prime Minister of Great Britain | |
In office 30 July 1766 – 14 October 1768 | |
Monarch | George III |
Preceded by | The Marquess of Rockingham |
Succeeded by | The Duke of Grafton |
Lord Privy Seal | |
In office 30 July 1766 – 14 October 1768 | |
Preceded by | The Duke of Newcastle |
Succeeded by | The Earl of Bristol |
Leader of the House of Commons | |
In office 27 June 1757 – 6 October 1761 | |
Preceded by | Himself |
Succeeded by | George Grenville |
In office 4 December 1756 – 6 April 1757 | |
Preceded by | Henry Fox |
Succeeded by | Himself |
Secretary of State for the Southern Department | |
In office 27 June 1757 – 5 October 1761 | |
Preceded by | The Earl of Holderness |
Succeeded by | The Earl of Egremont |
In office 4 December 1756 – 6 April 1757 | |
Preceded by | Henry Fox |
Succeeded by | The Earl of Holderness |
Paymaster of the Forces | |
In office 29 October 1746 – 25 November 1755 | |
Preceded by | Thomas Winnington |
Succeeded by | |
Member of Parliament | |
In office 18 February 1735 – 4 August 1766 | |
Constituency |
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Personal details | |
Born | William Pitt 15 November 1708 Westminster, London, Great Britain |
Died | 11 May 1778 Hayes, Kent now Bromley South London, Great Britain | (aged 69)
Resting place | Westminster Abbey, England |
Political party | Whig |
Spouse | |
Children | 5; including Hester, John, and William |
Parent(s) | Robert Pitt (father) Harriet Villiers (mother) |
Education | Eton College |
Alma mater | |
Signature | ![]() |
Military service | |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Branch/service | British Army |
Unit | King's Own Regiment of Horse |
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, PC, FRS (15 November 1708 – 11 May 1778) was a British Whig statesman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1766 to 1768. Historians call him "Chatham" or "Pitt the Elder" to distinguish him from his son William Pitt the Younger, who also served as prime minister. Pitt was also known as "the Great Commoner" because of his long-standing refusal to accept a title until 1766.
Pitt was a member of the British cabinet and with a brief interlude in 1757, its informal leader from 1756 to 1761, during the Seven Years' War (including the French and Indian War in the American colonies). He again led the ministry, holding the official title of Lord Privy Seal, between 1766 and 1768. Much of his power came from his brilliant oratory.[1] He was out of power for most of his career and became well-known for his attacks on the government, such as those on Walpole's corruption in the 1730s, Hanoverian subsidies in the 1740s, peace with France in the 1760s, and the uncompromising policy toward the American colonies during the 1770s.[2]
Pitt is best known as the wartime political leader of Britain during the Seven Years' War, especially for his single-minded devotion to victory over France, a victory that ultimately solidified Britain's dominance over world affairs. He is also known for his popular appeal, his opposition to corruption in government, his support for the American position in the run-up to the American Revolutionary War, his advocacy of British greatness, expansionism, and empire, and his antagonism toward Britain's chief enemies and rivals for colonial power, Spain and France.[3] Marie Peters argues his statesmanship was based on a clear, consistent, and distinct appreciation of the value of the Empire.[4]
The British parliamentary historian P. D. G. Thomas argued that Pitt's power was based not on his family connections, but on the extraordinary parliamentary skills by which he dominated the House of Commons. He displayed a commanding manner, brilliant rhetoric, and sharp debating skills that cleverly used his broad literary and historical knowledge.[5] Scholars rank him highly among all British prime ministers.[6]
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