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Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps | |
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Active | 1954 – present |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Allegiance | Chinese Communist Party |
Type | State-owned enterprise Paramilitary organisation |
Size | 2.6 million |
Headquarters and area served | Ürümqi & Xinjiang |
Nickname(s) | XJBT Bingtuan ("The Corps") |
Divisions | 14 |
Website | www |
Commanders | |
First Political Commissar | Ma Xingrui |
Political Commissar and Party Secretary | Li Yifei |
Commander | Xue Bin |
Notable commanders | Tao Zhiyue[1] |
Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps | |||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||
Simplified Chinese | 新疆生产建设兵团 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 新疆生產建設兵團 | ||||||
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Alternative Chinese name | |||||||
Simplified Chinese | 新疆兵团 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 新疆兵團 | ||||||
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Second alternative Chinese name | |||||||
Simplified Chinese | 兵团 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 兵團 | ||||||
Literal meaning | The Corps | ||||||
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China Xinjian Group | |||||||
Simplified Chinese | 中国新建集团 | ||||||
Traditional Chinese | 中國新建集團 | ||||||
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Uyghur name | |||||||
Uyghur | شىنجاڭ ئىشلەپچىقىرىش قۇرۇلۇش بىڭتۇەنى | ||||||
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History of Xinjiang |
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The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XJBT; 新疆生产建设兵团; 新疆兵团), also known as Bingtuan ("The Corps"), trading with the external name China Xinjiang Group,[2] is a state-owned enterprise and paramilitary organization in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
The XJBT was established in 1954 under the orders of Mao Zedong, and developed sparsely populated areas in its early decades, taking the model of the traditional tuntian system of setting military units in frontier areas. The XJBT was severely damaged during the Cultural Revolution, and was outright abolished in 1975, before being re-established in 1981, partly due to the Soviet-Afghan War. It re-established its economic dominance over Xinjiang afterwards, also being responsible for maintenance against the "three evils" (separatism, religious extremism, and terrorism). In its history, the XJBT has built farms, towns, and cities, provided land and employment to disbanded military units, and re-settled Han migrants from other parts of China in what has been called a campaign of assimilation.
The XJBT operates cities, where it provides prisons, healthcare, policing, judiciary, and education, and has stakes in numerous publicly traded companies. It is extensively involved in economic, political and military affairs of Xinjiang, being called a "state in a state".[3][4] It is led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Xinjiang Committee secretary, currently Ma Xingrui, though the CCP secretary of the XJBT handles the daily affairs of the organization.[citation needed]
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