Xunhua Incident

Xunhua Incident
Xunhua Incident
Part of Great Leap Forward in China
Native name	循化事件
Location	China
Date	April 1958
Target	Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials, rebels
Attack type	uprising and its suppression
Deaths	437 civilians, 17 People's Liberation Army (PLA) soldiers
Perpetrators	rebels, PLA
Motive	opposition to CCP policies

The Xunhua Incident (Chinese: 循化事件) was an uprising of Salars and Tibetans against the policies of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Qinghai, China in April 1958.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] It took place in the Xunhua Salar Autonomous County, hometown of the 10th Panchen Lama, during the Great Leap Forward.^[5] In March 1958, local officials imposed strict rules for socialist transformations. To prevent uprisings, religious leaders such as Jnana Pal Rinpoche (加乃化仁波切), a well-respected monk, were forcibly sent for re-education.^[2]^[5] Over 4,000 people with different ethnic backgrounds subsequently revolted and killed a team leader from the CCP task force.^[2]^[5]^[6] The uprising ended after the People's Liberation Army massacred 435 people, most of whom were unarmed civilians, on April 25, and 2,499 more rioters were arrested.^[2]^[5]

^ Luo, Siling (2016-06-22). "西藏的秘密战争，究竟发生了什么？（下）". The New York Times (in Chinese). Retrieved 2020-07-01.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Li, Jianglin (2016-10-10). Tibet in Agony. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-08889-4.
^ Hille, Marie-Paule; Horlemann, Bianca; Nietupski, Paul K. (2015-11-12). Muslims in Amdo Tibetan Society: Multidisciplinary Approaches. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-7530-9.
^ Li, Jianglin (2010-07-01). 1959：拉薩！──達賴喇嘛如何出走 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 聯經出版事業公司. ISBN 978-957-08-3638-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Li, Jianglin. "青海"循化事件"始末". biweeklyarchive.hrichina.org (in Chinese). Retrieved 2020-07-01.^{[dead link]}
^ Hilton, Isabel (2001). The Search for the Panchen Lama. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-32167-8.

[:53-1] Luo, Siling (2016-06-22). "西藏的秘密战争，究竟发生了什么？（下）". The New York Times (in Chinese). Retrieved 2020-07-01.

[:03-2] Li, Jianglin (2016-10-10). Tibet in Agony. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-08889-4.

[:33-3] Hille, Marie-Paule; Horlemann, Bianca; Nietupski, Paul K. (2015-11-12). Muslims in Amdo Tibetan Society: Multidisciplinary Approaches. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-7530-9.

[:63-4] Li, Jianglin (2010-07-01). 1959：拉薩！──達賴喇嘛如何出走 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 聯經出版事業公司. ISBN 978-957-08-3638-7.

[:23-5] Li, Jianglin. "青海"循化事件"始末". biweeklyarchive.hrichina.org (in Chinese). Retrieved 2020-07-01.^{[dead link]}

[:83-6] Hilton, Isabel (2001). The Search for the Panchen Lama. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-32167-8.

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