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Yukio Mishima

The native form of this personal name is Mishima Yukio. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.

Yukio Mishima
三島由紀夫
Mishima in 1955
Born
Kimitake Hiraoka

(1925-01-14)14 January 1925
Nagazumi-cho 2-chome, Yotsuya-ku, Tokyo City, Tokyo Prefecture, Empire of Japan[1]
Died25 November 1970(1970-11-25) (aged 45)
Cause of deathSuicide by seppuku
Resting placeTama Cemetery, Tokyo
EducationUniversity of Tokyo
Occupations
  • Writer
  • playwright
  • actor
  • model
  • theatre and film director
  • civil servant
  • political activist
Employers
OrganizationTatenokai ("Shield Society")
Writing career
LanguageJapanese
PeriodContemporary (20th century)
Genres
Literary movement
Years active1938–1970
Notable works
Japanese name
Kanji三島 由紀夫
Japanese name
Kanji平岡 公威
Signature

Yukio Mishima[a] (三島 由紀夫, Mishima Yukio), born Kimitake Hiraoka (平岡 公威, Hiraoka Kimitake, 14 January 1925 – 25 November 1970), was a Japanese author, poet, playwright, actor, model, Shintoist, nationalist, and founder of the Tatenokai (楯の会, "Shield Society"). Mishima is considered one of the most important post-war stylists of the Japanese language. He was considered for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times in the 1960s—including in 1968, but that year the award went to his countryman and benefactor Yasunari Kawabata.[6] His works include the novels Confessions of a Mask and The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, and the autobiographical essay Sun and Steel. Mishima's work is characterized by "its luxurious vocabulary and decadent metaphors, its fusion of traditional Japanese and modern Western literary styles, and its obsessive assertions of the unity of beauty, eroticism and death",[7] according to author Andrew Rankin.

Mishima's political activities made him a controversial figure, which he remains in modern Japan.[8][9][10][11] From his mid-30s, Mishima's right-wing ideology and reactionary beliefs were increasingly evident.[11][12][13] He was proud of the traditional culture and spirit of Japan, and opposed what he saw as western-style materialism, along with Japan's postwar democracy, globalism, and communism, worrying that by embracing these ideas the Japanese people would lose their "national essence" (kokutai) and their distinctive cultural heritage (Shinto and Yamato-damashii) to become a "rootless" people.[14][15][16][17] Mishima formed the Tatenokai for the avowed purpose of restoring sacredness and dignity to the Emperor of Japan.[15][16][17] On 25 November 1970, Mishima and four members of his militia entered a military base in central Tokyo, took its commandant hostage, and unsuccessfully tried to inspire the Japan Self-Defense Forces to rise up and overthrow Japan's 1947 Constitution (which he called "a constitution of defeat").[17][14] After his speech and screaming of "Long live the Emperor!", he committed seppuku.

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference bio-m1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "Mishima". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  3. ^ "Mishima, Yukio". Lexico Dictionaries. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020. (US) and "Mishima, Yukio". Oxford Dictionaries UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019.
  4. ^ "Mishima". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  5. ^ "Mishima". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  6. ^ Mccarthy, Paul (5 May 2013). "Revealing the many masks of Mishima". The Japan Times. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  7. ^ Rankin, Andrew (2018). Mishima, Aesthetic Terrorist: An Intellectual Portrait. University of Hawaii Press. p. 119.
  8. ^ Belsky, Beryl (18 October 2012). "Yukio Mishima: The Turbulent Life Of A Conflicted Martyr". Culture Trip.
  9. ^ "Yukio Mishima – 'The Lost Samurai'". Japan Today. 12 January 2014.
  10. ^ Flanagan, Damian (21 November 2015). "Yukio Mishima's enduring, unexpected influence". The Japan Times.
  11. ^ a b Shabecoff, Philip (2 August 1970). "Everyone in Japan Has Heard of Him". The New York Times.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Jacobin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ Commentary on Mishima's ideology:
  14. ^ a b Mishima, Yukio (1970). 問題提起 (一)(二) [Problem presentation 1,2]. Constitutional Amendment Draft Study Group (in Japanese). collected in complete36 2003, pp. 118–132
  15. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference nibun was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference eiyo was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ a b c Mishima, Yukio (1970). 我が国の自主防衛について [About self-defense of our country]. Lecture at the 3rd Shinsei Doshikai Youth Politics Workshop (in Japanese). collected in complete36 2003, pp. 319–347, complete41 2004


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