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| Zayn al-Abidin زين العابدين | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
._Kashmir_mint._Fixed_date_AH_842_on_reverse.jpg) Sasnu coin issued by Zayn al-Abidin, c. 1464 | |||||||||||||
| Sultan of Kashmir | |||||||||||||
| Reign | 20 February 1418 – December 1419 | ||||||||||||
| Coronation | 20 February 1418 | ||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Ali Shah | ||||||||||||
| Successor | Ali Shah | ||||||||||||
| Reign | 7 July 1420 – 5 April 1470 | ||||||||||||
| Coronation | 7 July 1420 | ||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Ali Shah | ||||||||||||
| Successor | Haider Shah | ||||||||||||
| Wazir of Kashmir | |||||||||||||
| In office 30 December 1416 – 20 February 1418 | |||||||||||||
| Monarch | Ali Shah | ||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Hamsa Bhat | ||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | office suspended | ||||||||||||
| Born | Shahi Khan 25 November 1395 Srinagar, Kashmir Sultanate (present-day Jammu and Kashmir, India) | ||||||||||||
| Died | 5 April 1470 Srinagar, Kashmir Sultanate (present-day Jammu and Kashmir, India) | ||||||||||||
| Burial | 12 April 1470 Mazar-e-Salatin, Zaina Kadal, Srinagar, Kashmir Sultanate | ||||||||||||
| Consort | Taj Khatun | ||||||||||||
| Issue | Adham Khan Haji Khan Hasan Khan Bahram Khan Jasrat Khan two daughters | ||||||||||||
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| House | Shah Mir | ||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Gibari (disputed) | ||||||||||||
| Father | Sikandar Shah Miri | ||||||||||||
| Mother | Mira Khatun | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam (Shafi) | ||||||||||||
Ghiyath al-Din Shah Rukh Shahi Khan (Persian: غیاث الدین شاہ رخ شاہی خان, romanized: Ghiyāth al-Dīn Shāh Rukh Shāhī Khān; 25 November 1395 – 5 April 1470), commonly known as Zayn al-Abidin[a] the Great,[2] was the ninth sultan of the Kashmir Sultanate, ruling first from 1418 to 1419 and then from 1420 to 1470. He was famously called Budshah (Great King) by his subjects.[3][4]
The first 35 years of his reign are described by Jonaraja in the Rajatarangini Dvitiya, while the subsequent years are described by his pupil, Srivara, in the Rajatarangini Tritiya.[3] The Sultan also composed poetry in Persian under the pen name of Qutb.[5]
Under half a century of Zayn al-Abidin's rule, Kashmir enjoyed a stable economy, which led to a commercial expansion. Diplomatic missions were sent to various countries, expanding trade and commerce. This increased the central markets in Srinagar and Anantnag. Education and culture, along with literary traditions like poetry, were extended in his reign. Kashmiri architecture found its way through the Indo-Islamic architecture.
Zayn al-Abidin was succeeded as sultan by his son, Haji Khan, later known as Haider Shah.
- ^ Hasan, Mohibbul (26 September 2023). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. p. 294. ISBN 978-1-032-66670-9.
- ^ Mohibbul Hasan, Kashmir Under the Sultans (Routledge, 2023).
- ^ a b Sharma, Tej Ram (2005). Historiography: A History of Historical Writing. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-8069-155-3.
- ^ Walter Slaje, Three Bhaṭṭas, Two Sulṭāns, and the Kashmirian Atharvaveda. In: The Atharvaveda and its Paippalādaśākhā. Historical and Philological Papers on a Vedic Tradition. Ed. by ARLO GRIFFITHS and ANNETTE SCHMIEDCHEN. [Geisteskultur Indiens. Texte und Studien.11. = Studia Indologica Univer-sitatis Halensis.] Aachen 2007: 329–353.
- ^ Hasan, Mohibbul (26 September 2023). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-032-66670-9.
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