Batalla de Estrasburgo

Batalla de Estrasburgo
Despliegue inicial de las tropas
Fecha	357
Lugar	Argentoratum (actual Estrasburgo)
Coordenadas	48°35′55″N 7°39′43″E / 48.598709, 7.661952
Resultado	Victoria decisiva romana. Destrucción del ejército alamán.
Beligerantes
Imperio romano Alamanes
Comandantes
Flavio Claudio Juliano Chonodomario
Fuerzas en combate
13 000[1]​ -15.000[2]​ hombres (3000 a caballo)[3]​ 15 000[4]​ -35.000[5]​[6]​ (sin contar ancianos, mujeres y niños)[7]​
Bajas
243 muertos[8]​ 8000 muertos:[9]​ 6000 en batalla[8]​ 2000 ahogados cruzando el Rin[8]​
[editar datos en Wikidata]

La batalla de Estrasburgo (también conocida como batalla de Argentoratum) fue un conflicto armado acaecido en el año 357 d. C., que enfrentó a un ejército romano al mando de Flavio Claudio Juliano con el ejército alamán bajo el mando del rey Chonodomario.

1. ↑ Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae, XVI. 12.2, finales del siglo IV. Se componía de aproximadamente unos 1500 legionarios de élite de la legión Primani, una de las fuerzas más poderosas en ese momento en Roma, unas cuatro cohortes de veteranos auxiliares llamadas Cornuti, Bracchiatii, Batavi y Regii, 3000 legionarios traidos de la Galia, 3000 arqueros bárbaros (principalmente hérulos), 600 catafractos de la Scola de Mediolanum y 2500 jinetes ligeros y arqueros a caballo.
2. ↑ Libanius, Oración Fúnebre de Julian, pp. 138, 363 d. C.
3. ↑ Elton, Hugh (1996), Roman Warfare 350-425, pp. 106.
4. ↑ Drinkwater, J. F. (2007) The Alamanni and Rome (213-496), pp. 239.
5. ↑ Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae, XVI. 12. 26, finales del s. IV.
6. ↑ Philological and historical commentary on Ammianus Marcellinus XXVII, J. den Boeft, J. W. Drijvers & D. Den Hengst, BRILL, 2009, pp. 26-27.

   (...) The losses of the Alamans were considerable. The fact that Ammianus provides numbers may go back to his source, possibly a military report; Sabbah 205. The number of casualties among the enemy indicates that this was an important Roman victory and a severe blow to the Alamanni. Iovinus' victory has been compared to that of Julian at Strasbourg in 357; Rosen, 1970: 128; Lorenz, 1997: 82, cf. Drinkwater, 1997, 277-278. Unfortunately, Ammianus does not reveal how large the Alamannic force was, but a comparison with numbers of Alamannic troops presented by Ammianus in the case of two other military Roman-Alamannic encounters may provide some insight. At the battle of Strasbourg in 357 Ammianus reports that the Alamannic army consisted of 35 000 men apart from the various reges and their followers (hos sequebantur potestate proximi reges numero quinque regalesque decem et optimatum series magna armatorumque milia triginta et quinque, 16.12.26); cf. Austin, 1973, 333-335 who thinks that Ammianus is not quite correct and that the number of Alamannic troops was somewhere around 20 000-25 000. After the battle 6,000 Alamannic corpses were lying scattered on the battlefield and an unknown number was carried off by the Rhine (ex Alamannis vero sex milia corporum numerata sunt in campo constrata et alii inaestimabiles mortuorum acervi per undas fluminis ferebantur; 16.12.63). At the battle of Argentaria in 378 the Lentienses, an Alamannic people, are said to have a force of 40 000 men (maioraque conceptantes pagorum omnium incolis in unum collectis cum cuadraginta armorum milibus...sublati in superbiam nostra confidentius irruperunt; 31.10.5); no more than 5,000 survived the battle (ut ex praedicto numero non plus quam quinque milia, ut aestimabatur, evaderent; 31.10.10). Given the numbers of casualties among the Alamanni compared to numbers of troops at the two battles, an educated guess would be that the Alamannic army defeated by Iovinus would have consisted of around 20 000 men.

7. ↑ Thompson, E. A. (1982). Romans and Barbarians: The Decline of the Western Empire. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, pp. 159. ISBN 9780299087043.
8. ↑ ^{a b c} Ammianus Marcellinus, Res Gestae, XVI. 12. 63, finales del s. IV.
9. ↑ Libanius, Oración Fúnebre de Julian, pp. 141, 363 d. C.